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Cincinnati Observatory: Its Critical Role in the Birth and Evolution of Astronomy in America (Historical & Cultural Astronomy)
Par Stella Cottam, John E. Ventre. 2024
Previously dependent on Europe for scientific knowledge, the United States came into its own during the nineteenth century. A prime example…
of this is evident in the establishment of the Cincinnati Observatory, in Cincinnati, Ohio. Funded by the citizenry of that city, it was initiated, with ceremony, by the oration by former President John Quincy Adams, at the laying of the cornerstone in 1843.In this book, you will read about the Cincinnati Observatory's most notable contributions, big and small, that were made over the course of its years in existence. You will learn about the Observatory's role in primitive weather forecasting, star cataloging, and even advancements it helped to create during World War II. Now known as the Cincinnati Observatory Center, it is a functional observatory and a dedicated center of astronomy education for all ages. It continues to contribute a rich cultural and scientific history to its community and nation.Information-Powered Engines (Springer Theses)
Par Tushar Kanti Saha. 2024
This book presents the experimental development of an information-powered engine inspired by the famous thought experiment, Maxwell’s demon, to understand…
its potential to produce energy for practical purposes. The development of an engine based on Maxwell’s demon was for a long time inconceivable, but technological advances have led to novel investigations into theoretical and practical applications. The built information engine consists of a micron-sized glass bead trapped in a tightly focused laser beam. It rectifies the bead's Brownian motion by controlling the laser's position and generates a unidirectional motion against gravity without doing any work, thus converting thermal heat into stored gravitational potential energy. A theoretical model based on a spring-mass system describes the engine's dynamics and was then used to find optimum parameters to improve the engine's performance. Experimentally implementing these optimization strategies led to engine output powers comparable to those measured in biological motors. This book also highlights performance improvements made in the presence of measurement noise and presents important guiding principles to design information engines to operate in non-equilibrium environments. By focusing on practical applications, the book overall aims to broaden the scope of information-engine investigations.Basalts and Phase Diagrams: An Introduction to the Quantitative Use of Phase Diagrams in Igneous Petrology
Par Stearns A. Morse. 2024
In this newly revised and expanded edition the reader finds both an introduction to igneous petrology and an exposition of…
the quantitative use of phase diagrams in understanding the origin and crystallization history of basic magmas. The book provides a step-by- step analysis of crystallization and melting in a limited number of geologically significant phase diagrams. The limiting processes of fractional and equilibrium melting and fractional and equilibrium crystallization are rigorously examined. Examples of the use of phase diagrams are drawn from the literature of layered intrusions, redox equilibria in iron-bearing systems, and the high pressure equilibria of melting in the mantle.Fermions and Anomalies in Quantum Field Theories (Theoretical and Mathematical Physics)
Par Loriano Bonora. 2023
This book presents a modern view of anomalies in quantum field theories. It is divided into six parts. The first…
part is preparatory covering an introduction to fermions, a description of the classical symmetries, and a short introduction to conformal symmetry. The second part of the book is devoted to the relation between anomalies and cohomology. The third part deals with perturbative methods to compute gauge, diffeomorphism and trace anomalies. In the fourth part the same anomalies are calculated with non-perturbative heat-kernel-like methods. Part five is devoted to the family's index theorem and its application to chiral anomalies, and to the differential characters and their applications to global anomalies. Part six is devoted to special topics including a complete calculation of trace and diffeomorphism anomalies of a Dirac fermion in a MAT background in two dimensions, Wess-Zumino terms in field theories, sigma models, their local and global anomalies and their cancelation, and finally the analysis of the worldsheet, sigma model, and target space anomalies of string and superstring theories. The book is targeted to researchers and graduate students.Unbestimmt und relativ?: Das Weltbild der modernen Physik
Par Helmut Fink, Meinard Kuhlmann. 2023
Quantentheorie und Relativitätstheorie haben das Weltbild der Physik revolutioniert. Beide Theorien gelten jedoch als unanschaulich und schwer verständlich. Dieses Sachbuch…
schafft neue Zugänge und lädt zum Mitdenken ein. Renommierte Experten aus Physik und Philosophie erläutern Grundbegriffe, Erkenntnisfortschritte und Deutungsfragen zu Raum, Zeit und Materie.Dabei kommen typische Themen aus der Philosophie der Physik zur Sprache, wie etwa die Interpretationsdebatte der Quantentheorie oder Modellbildungen in der Kosmologie. Weltbildrelevante Fragen nach dem Verhältnis von Mathematik, Empirie und Anschauung oder nach der Verlässlichkeit physikalischer Erkenntnis erfordern die Verbindung von Physik und Philosophie, von fachwissenschaftlicher Grundlagenforschung und methodenkritischer Reflexion. Der thematische Bogen geht zurück auf ein hochkarätig besetztes Symposium mit populärwissenschaftlicher Ausrichtung. Das Buch enthält Beiträge von Andreas Bartels, Robert Harlander, Paul Hoyningen-Huene, Gert-Ludwig Ingold, Claus Kiefer, Meinard Kuhlmann, Klaus Mainzer, Oliver Passon, Manfred Stöckler, Rüdiger Vaas und Reinhard Werner.Microwave Photonics
Par Jianping Yao, José Capmany, Ming Li. 2024
MICROWAVE PHOTONICS Overview of techniques in the field of microwave photonics, including recent developments in quantum microwave photonics and integrated…
microwave photonics Microwave Photonics offers a comprehensive overview of the microwave photonic techniques developed in the last 30 years, covering topics such as photonics generation of microwave signals, photonics processing of microwave signals, photonics distribution of microwave signals, photonic generation and distribution of UWB signals, photonics generation and processing of arbitrary microwave waveforms, photonic true time delay beamforming for phased array antennas, photonics-assisted instantaneous microwave frequency measurement, quantum microwave photonics, analog-to-digital conversion and more. The text is supported by a companion website for instructors, including learning objectives and questions/problems to further enhance student learning. Written by key researchers in the field, Microwave Photonics includes information on: Group-velocity dispersion and nonlinear effects in fibers, light coherence in light sources, phase and intensity modulators, photodetectors, and fiber Bragg gratings Injection locking, phase lock loops, external modulation, opto-electronic oscillators, and array waveguide gratings Photonic microwave delay-line filters with negative and complex coefficients and non-uniformly spaced photonic microwave delay-line filters Double- and single-sideband modulation, radio over fiber networks, and microwave photonics to coherent communication systems UWB generation, coding, and distribution over fiber, and instantaneous microwave frequency measurement via power monitoring True time delay beamforming Exploring the subject in depth, with expansive coverage of techniques developed in the last 30 years, Microwave Photonics is an essential reference for graduate students and researchers to learn microwave photonic technologies.Physics and the Nature of Reality: Essays in Memory of Detlef Dürr (Fundamental Theories of Physics #215)
Par Angelo Bassi, Sheldon Goldstein, Roderich Tumulka, Nino Zanghì. 2024
This volume commemorates the scientific contributions of Detlef Dürr (1951–2021) to foundational questions of physics. It presents new contributions from…
his former students, collaborators, and colleagues about their current research on topics inspired or influenced by Dürr. These topics are drawn from physics, mathematics, and philosophy of nature, and concern interpretations of quantum theory, new developments of Bohmian mechanics, the role of typicality, quantum physics in relativistic space-time, classical and quantum electrodynamics, and statistical mechanics. The volume thus also gives a snapshot of present research in the foundations of physics.Magnetisches Sonnensystem: Solare Eruptionen, Sonnenwinde und Weltraumwetter
Par Ulrich Von Kusserow, Eckart Marsch. 2023
Die magnetisch aktive Sonne steht im Zentrum unseres Sonnensystems. Aus ihrer Korona strömt der Sonnenwind stetig in alle Richtungen und…
formt eine großräumige magnetisierte Plasmahülle um unser Zentralgestirn: die Heliosphäre. Zusammen mit der aus dem Interstellaren Medium eindringenden kosmischen Partikelstrahlung prägt der Sonnenwind die Entwicklung des Weltraumwetters im Interplanetaren Raum sowie in den Magnetosphären und Ionosphären der Planeten. Wie entstehen Kometenschweife und Polarlichter? Welchen Einfluss hat der Sonnenwind auf das Leben im Erdsystem?Unterstützt durch faszinierende Abbildungen astronomischer Himmelsobjekte, durch erklärende Grafiken, wissenschaftliche Originaldaten sowie durch die Verknüpfungshinweise zu Videosequenzen werden die zugrundeliegenden physikalischen Prozesse und neuesten Erkenntnisse didaktisch aufbereitet und mit wenigen mathematischen Herleitungen anschaulich erläutert. Dieses Sachbuch wendet sich allgemein an die gebildete Öffentlichkeit, an Amateurastronomen aber auch an junge Studierende, die sich einen umfassenden Überblick über die generelle Bedeutung magnetischer Vorgänge sowie ein tieferes Verständnis der Prozesse in den Weltraumplasmen unseres Sonnensystems verschaffen möchten.Elektromagnetismus und Gravitation: Vereinheitlichung und Erweiterung der klassischen Physik
Par Andreas Malcherek. 2023
Elektromagnetismus und Gravitation scheinen zwei vollkommen unterschiedliche Wechselwirkungen zu sein: Während elektromagnetische Wechselwirkungen durch Felder beschrieben werden, soll die Gravitation…
durch eine Krümmung der Raumzeit vermittelt werden. Die Theorie der Elektrogravitation vereinheitlicht die formale Beschreibung dieser beiden Wechselwirkungen. Damit stellt sich natürlich die grundlegende Frage, ob man aus einem einheitlichten Formalismus auch auf einheitliche Wirkmechanismen in der Natur schließen kann. Das Lehrbuch entwickelt die Theorie der Elektrogravitation aus einfachen Prinzipien der speziellen Relativitätstheorie. Darauf aufbauend werden allgemeine Gesetze für das Gravitationspotential und die Bewegung in demselben aufgestellt, die die Newtonsche Gravitationstheorie in Richtung allgemeiner Relativitätstheorie verallgemeinern. Mit den formal gleichen Ansätzen werden in der Elektrodynamik das Coulombsche Gesetz sowie die Maxwellschen Gleichungen hergeleitet. Abschließend werden retardierte Potentiale und die Grundlagen der Magnetohydrodynamik vermittelt.China Satellite Navigation Conference: Volume III (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #499)
Par Jiadong Sun, Changfeng Yang, Shuren Guo. 2018
These proceedings present selected research papers from CSNC 2018, held during 23rd-25th May in Harbin, China. The theme of CSNC…
2018 is Location, Time of Augmentation. These papers discuss the technologies and applications of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and the latest progress made in the China BeiDou System (BDS) especially. They are divided into 12 topics to match the corresponding sessions in CSNC 2018, which broadly covered key topics in GNSS. Readers can learn about the BDS and keep abreast of the latest advances in GNSS techniques and applications.Electricity: Electromagnetism and Electric Circuits
Par Teruo Matsushita. 2023
This book leads students to learn electromagnetism and then moves to chapters about electric circuits. It aims to give an…
understanding of electromagnetism which gives a fast way to master the features of circuit elements such as resistors, capacitors, and coils that compose electric circuits. The author provides chapters on electromagnetism and electric circuits separately and gives a chapter explaining the correlation between them in detail.In the chapters for electric circuit, DC electric circuits, transient and steady response of AC electric circuits are treated. AC circuit theory is introduced for describing the phenomena in circuits. Theoretical treatments such as branch current method, closed current method, and node potential method are also introduced to show the validity of solution methods that have been used in the book. The book can serve as a compact textbook for lectures, as an introduction for hardware system and electric control systems, and mechanical systems. Chapters for electromagnetism or ones for electric circuits are suitable for a lecture over a semester.Physics: Volume 2
Par David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Kenneth S. Krane. 2002
Written for the full year or three term Calculus-based University Physics course for science and engineering majors, the publication of…
the first edition of Physics in 1960 launched the modern era of Physics textbooks. It was a new paradigm at the time and continues to be the dominant model for all texts. Physics is the most realistic option for schools looking to teach a more demanding course. The entirety of Volume 2 of the 5th edition has been edited to clarify conceptual development in light of recent findings of physics education research. End-of-chapter problem sets are thoroughly over-hauled, new problems are added, outdated references are deleted, and new short-answer conceptual questions are added.Schülervorstellungen und Physikunterricht: Ein Lehrbuch für Studium, Referendariat und Unterrichtspraxis
Par Horst Schecker, Thomas Wilhelm, Martin Hopf, Reinders Duit. 2018
Dieses Lehrbuch hilft Lehramtsstudierenden, Referendaren und Lehrkräften der Physik besser zu verstehen, was sich hinter Schüleraussagen versteckt. Oft weichen Schülerantworten…
im Physikunterricht von dem ab, was man als Lehrkraft erwartet oder erhofft. Dahinter stehen Vorstellungen, die von den Alltagserfahrungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler geprägt sind. Für das Unterrichten und das Lernen von Physik ist von zentraler Bedeutung, was die Kinder und Jugendlichen an Vorwissen, Vorstellungen und Denkmustern bereits mitbringen. Auf dieser Grundlage verarbeiten Lernende neue Informationen. Die Autorinnen und Autoren stellen den Erkenntnisstand über Schülervorstellungen zu physikalischen Begriffen dar und stellen Lösungsmöglichkeiten für Probleme im Schulunterricht vor. In den ersten drei Kapiteln werden die theoretischen Grundlagen sowie Strategien des Umgangs mit Schülervorstellungen bei der Unterrichtsgestaltung erläutert. In zehn folgenden Themenkapiteln werden konkrete Schülervorstellungen vorgestellt, ihre Hintergründe erklärt und Vorschläge gemacht, wie man mit diesem Wissen Lernangebote besser gestalten kann. Die Inhaltsbereiche erstrecken sich vom Anfangsunterricht in der Grundschule bis hin zur gymnasialen Oberstufe. Dazu zählen die Mechanik, Optik, Elektrizitätslehre, Wärmelehre, Quantenphysik und weitere Gebiete sowie allgemeine Vorstellungen über die Physik als Wissenschaft. Die Leserinnen und Leser werden: - typische Schülervorstellungen in wichtigen Gebieten der Physik kennen, - auf Basis dieses Wissens Lernschwierigkeiten bei Schülerinnen und Schülern diagnostizieren können, - wissen, wie man Lernenden helfen kann, ihre Vorstellungen weiterzuentwickeln, - wissen, wo man Unterrichtskonzeptionen findet, die Schülervorstellungen berücksichtigen, - Möglichkeiten kennen, wie man Schülervorstellungen bei der Unterrichtsplanung und -durchführung berücksichtigen kann, und nicht zuletzt - die eigenen Vorstellungen zu zentralen physikalischen Konzepten fachlich durchdacht haben. Schülervorstellungen sind auch ein guter Anlass, die grundlegenden Begrifflichkeiten der Physik für sich selbst noch einmal fachlich zu durchdenken. Hierzu regt das vorliegende Lehrbuch mit fachlichen Erläuterungen an.Creative Complex Systems (Creative Economy)
Par Kazuo Nishimura, Masatoshi Murase, Kazuyoshi Yoshimura. 2021
In recent years, problems such as environmental and economic crises and pandemics caused by new viruses have been occurring on…
a global scale. Globalization brings about benefits, but it can increase the potential risks of “systemic problems”, leading to system-wide disruptions. The coronavirus pandemic, declared on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization, has revealed social disparities in the form of a higher risk of death for people of low-socioeconomic status and has caused massive destruction of the economy and of globalization itself. Extensive efforts to cope with these challenges have often led to the emergence of additional problems due to the chain of hidden causation. What can be done to protect against such emerging challenges? Despite the resulting complexity, once these individual problems are considered as different aspects of a single whole, seemingly contradictory issues can become totally understandable, as they can be integrated into a single coherent framework. This is the integrationist approach in contrast to the reductionist approach. Situations of this kind are truly relevant to understanding the question, “What are creative complex systems?” This book features contributions by members and colleagues of the Kyoto University International Research Unit of Integrated Complex System Science. It broadens our outlook from the traditional view of stability, in which global situations are eventually stabilized after the impact of destruction, to “creative” complex systems.The riveting story of a modern age scientific feud between two Nobel Prize-winning scientists over the nature of cosmic rays…
and the universe.Set in a revolutionary era of physics and science when a series of rapid-fire discoveries was upending our understanding of the universe, Splinters of Infinity by Mark Wolverton tells a little-known story: the tale of two of America&’s foremost physicists, Robert Millikan (1868–1953) and Arthur Compton (1892–1962), who found themselves locked in an intense, often deeply personal, conflict about cosmic rays. Confirmed in 1912, cosmic rays—enigmatic forms of penetrating radiation—seemed to raise all new questions about the origins of the universe, but they also offered the potential to explain everything—or reveal the existence of God.In engaging, accessible prose, Wolverton takes the reader through the twists and turns of the Millikan-Compton debate, one of the first major public examples of how heated the controversies among scientists could become—and the lengths that scientists would go to settle their disputes. What set them apart, at least in most cases, Wolverton shows, was their ability to concentrate finally on what mattered: the science. Along the way, Wolverton probes the forever elusive question, still unanswered today, about where cosmic rays come from and what they reveal about black holes, distant galaxies, the existence of dark matter and dark energy, and the birth of the universe, concluding that these splinters of infinity may not hold the keys to the secret of creation but do bring us ever closer to it.On the Emergence of Time and Space in Closed Quantum Systems (Springer Theses)
Par Tommaso Favalli. 2024
Time, space and entanglement are the main characters in this book. Their nature is still a great mystery in physics…
and we study here the possibility that these three phenomena are closely connected, showing how entanglement can be at the basis of the emergence of time and space within closed quantum systems. We revisit and extend the Page and Wootters theory that was originally introduced in order to describe the emergence of time through entanglement between subsystems in a globally static, quantum Universe. In the book, after providing a complete review of the salient aspects of the theory, we establish a connection with recent research on the foundations of statistical mechanics and we provide a new understanding of the thermalization process. Furthermore, we generalize the framework in order describe the spatial degree of freedom and we provide a model of 3+1 dimensional, quantum spacetime emerging from entanglement among different subsystems in a globally "timeless" and "positionless" Universe. Finally, via the Page and Wootters theory, the evolution of quantum clocks within a gravitational field is treated and a time dilation effect is obtained in agreement with the Schwarzschild solution.Complementarity Beyond Physics: Niels Bohr's Parallels
Par Arun Bala. 2017
In this study Arun Bala examines the implications that Niels Bohr’s principle of complementarity holds for fields beyond physics. Bohr,…
one of the founding figures of modern quantum physics, argued that the principle of complementarity he proposed for understanding atomic processes has parallels in psychology, biology, and social science, as well as in Buddhist and Taoist thought. But Bohr failed to offer any explanation for why complementarity might extend beyond physics, and his claims have been widely rejected by scientists as empty speculation. Scientific scepticism has only been reinforced by the naïve enthusiasm of postmodern relativists and New Age intuitionists, who seize upon Bohr’s ideas to justify anti-realist and mystical positions. Arun Bala offers a detailed defence of Bohr’s claim that complementarity has far-reaching implications for the biological and social sciences, as well as for comparative philosophies of science, by explaining Bohr’s parallels as responses to the omnipresence of grown properties in nature.How Things Work: The Physics of Everyday Life
Par Louis A. Bloomfield. 2016
How Things Work provides an accessible introduction to physics for the non-science student. Like the previous editions it employs everyday…
objects, with which students are familiar, in case studies to explain the most essential physics concepts of day-to-day life. Lou Bloomfield takes seemingly highly complex devices and strips away the complexity to show how at their heart are simple physics ideas. Once these concepts are understood, they can be used to understand the behavior of many devices encountered in everyday life. The sixth edition uses the power of WileyPLUS Learning Space with Orion to give students the opportunity to actively practice the physics concepts presented in this edition.Channeling and Radiation in Periodically Bent Crystals (Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics #69)
Par Andrey V Korol, Andrey V Solov'Yov, Walter Greiner. 2013
The development of coherent radiation sources for sub-angstrom wavelengths - i.e. in the hard X-ray and gamma-ray range - is…
a challenging goal of modern physics. The availability of such sources will have many applications in basic science, technology and medicine, and, in particular, they may have a revolutionary impact on nuclear and solid state physics, as well as on the life sciences.The present state-of-the-art lasers are capable of emitting electromagnetic radiation from the infrared to the ultraviolet, while free electron lasers (X-FELs) are now entering the soft X-ray region. Moving further, i.e. into the hard X and/or gamma ray band, however, is not possible without new approaches and technologies. In this book we introduce and discuss one such novel approach: the focus is on the radiation formed in a Crystalline Undulator, where electromagnetic radiation is generated by a bunch of ultra-relativistic particles channeling through a periodically bent crystalline structure. It is shown that under certain conditions, such a device emits intensive spontaneous monochromatic radiation and may even reach the coherence of laser light sources. Readers will be presented with the underlying fundamental physics and be familiarized with the theoretical, experimental and technological advances made during the last one and a half decades in exploring the various features of investigations into crystalline undulators. This research draws upon knowledge from many research fields - such as materials science, beam physics, the physics of radiation, solid state physics and acoustics, to name but a few. Accordingly, much care has been taken by the authors to make the book as self-contained as possible in this respect, so asto also provide a useful introduction to this emerging field to a broad readership of researchers and scientist with various backgrounds.Werkstoffkunde für Ingenieure: Grundlagen, Anwendung, Prüfung
Par Eberhard Roos, Karl Maile, Michael Seidenfuß. 2017
Nach einer Einführung in die Grundlagen der Werkstoffwissenschaft werden in diesem gut eingeführten Lehrbuch die Anwendungsaspekte der Werkstoffe behandelt. Insbesondere…
die mechanischen Eigenschaften und das Verhalten von Werkstoffgruppen unter unterschiedlichen Umgebungs- und Belastungsbedingungen werden erläutert. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Darstellung der technischen Gebrauchseigenschaften der Werkstoffe. So werden für ausgewählte Werkstoffe die Materialkonstanten und Festigkeitskennwerte angegeben. Behandelt werden Stähle und Stahllegierungen für besondere Anwendungen, Leichtmetalle, Nichteisenmetalle, Kunststoffe, Keramiken und Verbundwerkstoffe.Weitere Aspekte des Buches sind die Darstellungen der Möglichkeiten der zerstörenden und zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung. Eingegangen wird auf die spezifischen Schädigungsmechanismen der unterschiedlichen Werkstoffgruppen und deren Gesetzmäßigkeiten. Dabei bilden Korrosion und Verschleiß einen besonderen Schwerpunkt. Verständnisfragen zu jedem Kapitel runden das Buch ab.Die ZielgruppenIn erster Linie Studierende des Maschinenbaus, der Fahrzeug- und Motorentechnik sowie artverwandter Ingenieurstudiengänge. Weiterhin Studierende aus den Natur-und Wirtschaftswissenschaften. Das Buch ist auch bestens geeignet als berufsbegleitendes Nachschlagewerk.