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Human Capitalism: How Economic Growth Has Made Us Smarter--and More Unequal
Par Brink Lindsey. 2013
Why the rich are getting smarter while the poor are being left behindWhat explains the growing class divide between the…
well educated and everybody else? Noted author Brink Lindsey, a senior scholar at the Kauffman Foundation, argues that it's because economic expansion is creating an increasingly complex world in which only a minority with the right knowledge and skills—the right "human capital"—reap the majority of the economic rewards. The complexity of today's economy is not only making these lucky elites richer—it is also making them smarter. As the economy makes ever-greater demands on their minds, the successful are making ever-greater investments in education and other ways of increasing their human capital, expanding their cognitive skills and leading them to still higher levels of success. But unfortunately, even as the rich are securely riding this virtuous cycle, the poor are trapped in a vicious one, as a lack of human capital leads to family breakdown, unemployment, dysfunction, and further erosion of knowledge and skills. In this brief, clear, and forthright eBook original, Lindsey shows how economic growth is creating unprecedented levels of human capital—and suggests how the huge benefits of this development can be spread beyond those who are already enjoying its rewards.Women at the Beginning: Origin Myths from the Amazons to the Virgin Mary
Par Patrick J. Geary. 2006
In these four artfully crafted essays, Patrick Geary explores the way ancient and medieval authors wrote about women. Geary describes…
the often marginal role women played in origin legends from antiquity until the twelfth century. Not confining himself to one religious tradition or region, he probes the tensions between women in biblical, classical, and medieval myths (such as Eve, Mary, Amazons, princesses, and countesses), and actual women in ancient and medieval societies. Using these legends as a lens through which to study patriarchal societies, Geary chooses moments and texts that illustrate how ancient authors (all of whom were male) confronted the place of women in their society. Unlike other books on the subject, Women at the Beginning attempts to understand not only the place of women in these legends, but also the ideologies of the men who wrote about them. The book concludes that the authors of these stories were themselves struggling with ambivalence about women in their own worlds and that this struggle manifested itself in their writings.The State against Society: Political Crises and Their Aftermath in East Central Europe
Par Grzegorz Ekiert. 1997
Classical images of state-socialism developed in contemporary social sciences were founded on simple presuppositions. State-socialist regimes were considered to be…
politically stable due to their pervasive institutional and ideological control over the everyday lives of their citizens, impervious to reform and change, and representative of extreme political and economic dependency. Despite their contrasting historical experiences, they have been treated as basically identical in their institutional design, social and economic structures, and policies. Grzegorz Ekiert challenges this notion in a comparative analysis of the major political crises in post-1945 East Central Europe: Hungary (1956-63), Czechoslovakia (1968-76), and Poland (1980-89). The author maintains that the nature and consequences of these crises can better explain the distinctive experiences of East Central European countries under communist rule than can the formal characteristics of their political and economic systems or their politically dependent status. He explores how political crises reshaped party-state institutions, redefined relations between party and state institutions, altered the relationship between the state and various groups and organizations within society, and modified the political practices of these regimes. He shows how these events transformed cultural categories, produced collective memories, and imposed long-lasting constraints on mass political behavior and the policy choices of ruling elites. These crises shaped the political evolution of the region, produced important cross-national differences among state-socialist regimes, and contributed to the distinctive patterns of their collapse.How two charismatic, exceptionally talented physicists came to terms with the nuclear weapons they helped to createIn 1945, the United…
States dropped the bomb, and physicists were forced to contemplate disquieting questions about their roles and responsibilities. When the Cold War followed, they were confronted with political demands for their loyalty and McCarthyism's threats to academic freedom. By examining how J. Robert Oppenheimer and Hans A. Bethe—two men with similar backgrounds but divergent aspirations and characters—struggled with these moral dilemmas, one of our foremost historians of physics tells the story of modern physics, the development of atomic weapons, and the Cold War.Oppenheimer and Bethe led parallel lives. Both received liberal educations that emphasized moral as well as intellectual growth. Both were outstanding theoreticians who worked on the atom bomb at Los Alamos. Both advised the government on nuclear issues, and both resisted the development of the hydrogen bomb. Both were, in their youth, sympathetic to liberal causes, and both were later called to defend the United States against Soviet communism and colleagues against anti-Communist crusaders. Finally, both prized scientific community as a salve to the apparent failure of Enlightenment values.Yet their responses to the use of the atom bomb, the testing of the hydrogen bomb, and the treachery of domestic politics differed markedly. Bethe, who drew confidence from scientific achievement and integration into the physics community, preserved a deep integrity. By accepting a modest role, he continued to influence policy and contributed to the nuclear test ban treaty of 1963. In contrast, Oppenheimer first embodied a new scientific persona—the scientist who creates knowledge and technology affecting all humanity and boldly addresses their impact—and then could not carry its burden. His desire to retain insider status, combined with his isolation from creative work and collegial scientific community, led him to compromise principles and, ironically, to lose prestige and fall victim to other insiders.S. S. Schweber draws on his vast knowledge of science and its history—in addition to his unique access to the personalities involved—to tell a tale of two men that will enthrall readers interested in science, history, and the lives and minds of great thinkers.Seeds of Amazonian Plants (Princeton Field Guides #66)
Par Fernando Cornejo, John Janovec. 2010
Seeds of Amazonian Plants is the first field guide to treat the extraordinary diversity of seeds and diaspores of plants…
commonly encountered in the Amazon and other lowland moist forests of the American tropics. This stunningly illustrated guide features an easy-to-use whole-plant approach to seed identification that provides detailed descriptions not only of the seeds but also of the habit, trunk, bark, leaves, infructescence, and fruit of Amazonian plants, as well as information about the known uses and distribution of each genus. Presenting these descriptions together with 750 full-color photos and a unique identification key, this premier field guide enables users to identify seeds of 544 genera and 131 families of plants. The most comprehensive field guide to Amazonian seeds Features 750 full-color photos that make identification easy Covers 544 genera and 131 families of Amazonian plants Describes seeds, habit, trunk, bark, leaves, infructescence, and fruit Includes unique seed identification key Compact, portable, and beautifully illustrated--the ideal field guideRemaking the Heartland: Middle America since the 1950s
Par Robert Wuthnow. 2011
The social transformation of the American Midwest in the postwar eraFor many Americans, the Midwest is a vast unknown. In…
Remaking the Heartland, Robert Wuthnow sets out to rectify this. He shows how the region has undergone extraordinary social transformations over the past half-century and proven itself surprisingly resilient in the face of such hardships as the Great Depression and the movement of residents to other parts of the country. He examines the heartland's reinvention throughout the decades and traces the social and economic factors that have helped it to survive and prosper.Wuthnow points to the critical strength of the region's social institutions established between 1870 and 1950--the market towns, farmsteads, one-room schoolhouses, townships, rural cooperatives, and manufacturing centers that have adapted with the changing times. He focuses on farmers' struggles to recover from the Great Depression well into the 1950s, the cultural redefinition and modernization of the region's image that occurred during the 1950s and 1960s, the growth of secondary and higher education, the decline of small towns, the redeployment of agribusiness, and the rapid expansion of edge cities. Drawing his arguments from extensive interviews and evidence from the towns and counties of the Midwest, Wuthnow provides a unique perspective as both an objective observer and someone who grew up there.Remaking the Heartland offers an accessible look at the humble yet strong foundations that have allowed the region to endure undiminished.Wittgenstein on the Arbitrariness of Grammar
Par Michael N. Forster. 2004
What is the nature of a conceptual scheme? Are there alternative conceptual schemes? If so, are some more justifiable or…
correct than others? The later Wittgenstein already addresses these fundamental philosophical questions under the general rubric of "grammar" and the question of its "arbitrariness"--and does so with great subtlety. This book explores Wittgenstein's views on these questions. Part I interprets his conception of grammar as a generalized (and otherwise modified) version of Kant's transcendental idealist solution to a puzzle about necessity. It also seeks to reconcile Wittgenstein's seemingly inconsistent answers to the question of whether or not grammar is arbitrary by showing that he believed grammar to be arbitrary in one sense and non-arbitrary in another. Part II focuses on an especially central and contested feature of Wittgenstein's account: a thesis of the diversity of grammars. The author discusses this thesis in connection with the nature of formal logic, the limits of language, and the conditions of semantic understanding or access. Strongly argued and cleary written, this book will appeal not only to philosophers but also to students of the human sciences, for whom Wittgenstein's work holds great relevance.Why Tolerate Religion?: Updated Edition
Par Brian Leiter. 2014
Why it's wrong to single out religious liberty for special legal protectionsThis provocative book addresses one of the most enduring…
puzzles in political philosophy and constitutional theory—why is religion singled out for preferential treatment in both law and public discourse? Why are religious obligations that conflict with the law accorded special toleration while other obligations of conscience are not? In Why Tolerate Religion?, Brian Leiter shows why our reasons for tolerating religion are not specific to religion but apply to all claims of conscience, and why a government committed to liberty of conscience is not required by the principle of toleration to grant exemptions to laws that promote the general welfare.Leukaemia Diagnosis
Par Barbara J. Bain, Mike Leach. 2024
Leukaemia Diagnosis Authoritative reference on classifying and diagnosing leukaemia, with practical guidance on using various laboratory techniques included Leukaemia Diagnosis…
is a practical reference on the principles of leukaemia diagnosis and classification that illustrates and explains in a user-friendly way how different laboratory techniques are used to achieve an accurate interpretation. To aid in reader comprehension, over 300 high quality full colour digital images of abnormal cells in leukaemia and lymphoma are included, supplemented by histological, cytogenetic and immunophenotyping images. This newly revised and updated Sixth Edition includes recent developments, highlights the growing importance of molecular genetics, and incorporates the recent 5th edition of the WHO guidelines and the International Consensus Classification for leukaemia diagnosis and classification throughout the text. Information on cytogenetic and molecular genetic abnormalities in leukaemia is also included, along with characteristic immunophenotypic characteristics of different categories of leukaemia. Written by world-renowned authors in the field, Barbara Bain and Mike Leach, Leukaemia Diagnosis covers sample topics such as: The nature of leukaemia, cytology, cytochemistry, and the morphological classification of acute leukaemia, with an index of commonly used abbreviations Immunophenotyping and cytogenetic/molecular genetic analysis, and integration of morphological, immunophenotypic and genetic information with the WHO classifications Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute leukaemia of ambiguous lineage, and the myelodysplastic syndromes and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms Chronic myeloid leukaemias, lymphoid leukaemias of mature B, T, and natural killer cells, and leukaemia diagnosis in resource-poor countries The Sixth Edition of Leukaemia Diagnosis is a highly valuable resource for trainee haematologists and laboratory scientists in haematology and related disciplines. The text also serves as a useful reference and teaching aid for those who already have expertise in this field.Photosynthesis-Assisted Energy Generation: From Fundamentals to Lab Scale and In-Field Applications
Par Sathish-Kumar Kamaraj, Iryna Rusyn. 2024
Photosynthesis-Assisted Energy Generation Describes the mechanisms of and potential for using microorganisms and plants as renewable power resources Bridging the…
knowledge gap between the fundamentals and the technological advances in biological photosynthesis-assisted energy generation, Photosynthesis-Assisted Energy Generation explores the various diverse light-harvesting biological systems for electricity generation and explains the fundamentals and applications from lab-scale to in-field. The text discusses the fundamentals of electron transfer mechanisms in photosynthetic systems, basic principles of bioelectricity generation, and materials involved in the construction of fuel cells, including not only the impact of higher plants, but also anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria and microalgae on the performance of photosynthesis-assisted power generation systems. A timely resource, the text features case studies on emerging topics such as mosses in power generation on green roofs and photo-bioelectrochemical fuel cells for antibiotics and dyes removal, along with discussion of sustainability issues when scaling up bio-photo-electrochemical systems. Edited by two highly qualified and accomplished academics with significant research experience in the field, Photosynthesis-Assisted Energy Generation includes information on: Role of functional materials involved in photosynthesis-assisted power generation and non-noble electrocatalysts as air cathodes in biocells Electricity generation and intensified synthesis of nutrients by plant-based biofuel cells using duckweeds as biocatalysts Algae-based microbial fuel cells, photosynthetic bacteria-based microbial fuel cells, and bryophyte microbial fuel cell systems Progress and recent trends of application of low-energy consuming devices and IoT based on photosynthesis-assisted power generation Plant-based microbial fuel cells for bioremediation, biosensing, and plant health monitoring With full coverage of an attractive renewable energy generation system, Photosynthesis-Assisted Energy Generation is an essential resource on the subject for researchers and scientists interested in alternative renewable energetics and photosynthesis-assisted energy generation processes utilizing microorganisms, algae, plants, and other bioinspired materials.In the Beginning Was the Deed: Realism and Moralism in Political Argument
Par Bernard Williams. 2005
Bernard Williams is remembered as one of the most brilliant and original philosophers of the past fifty years. Widely respected…
as a moral philosopher, Williams began to write about politics in a sustained way in the early 1980s. There followed a stream of articles, lectures, and other major contributions to issues of public concern--all complemented by his many works on ethics, which have important implications for political theory. This new collection of essays, most of them previously unpublished, addresses many of the core subjects of political philosophy: justice, liberty, and equality; the nature and meaning of liberalism; toleration; power and the fear of power; democracy; and the nature of political philosophy itself. A central theme throughout is that political philosophers need to engage more directly with the realities of political life, not simply with the theories of other philosophers. Williams makes this argument in part through a searching examination of where political thinking should originate, to whom it might be addressed, and what it should deliver. Williams had intended to weave these essays into a connected narrative on political philosophy with reflections on his own experience of postwar politics. Sadly he did not live to complete it, but this book brings together many of its components. Geoffrey Hawthorn has arranged the material to resemble as closely as possible Williams's original design and vision. He has provided both an introduction to Williams's political philosophy and a bibliography of his formal and informal writings on politics. Those who know the work of Bernard Williams will find here the familiar hallmarks of his writing--originality, clarity, erudition, and wit. Those who are unfamiliar with, or unconvinced by, a philosophical approach to politics, will find this an engaging introduction. Both will encounter a thoroughly original voice in modern political theory and a searching approach to the shape and direction of liberal political thought in the past thirty-five years.Democratic Faith (New Forum Books #36)
Par Patrick Deneen. 2005
The American political reformer Herbert Croly wrote, "For better or worse, democracy cannot be disentangled from an aspiration toward human…
perfectibility." Democratic Faith is at once a trenchant analysis and a powerful critique of this underlying assumption that informs democratic theory. Patrick Deneen argues that among democracy's most ardent supporters there is an oft-expressed belief in the need to "transform" human beings in order to reconcile the sometimes disappointing reality of human self-interest with the democratic ideal of selfless commitment. This "transformative impulse" is frequently couched in religious language, such as the need for political "redemption." This is all the more striking given the frequent accompanying condemnation of traditional religious belief that informs the "democratic faith.? At the same time, because so often this democratic ideal fails to materialize, democratic faith is often subject to a particularly intense form of disappointment. A mutually reinforcing cycle of faith and disillusionment is frequently exhibited by those who profess a democratic faith--in effect imperiling democratic commitments due to the cynicism of its most fervent erstwhile supporters. Deneen argues that democracy is ill-served by such faith. Instead, he proposes a form of "democratic realism" that recognizes democracy not as a regime with aspirations to perfection, but that justifies democracy as the regime most appropriate for imperfect humans. If democratic faith aspires to transformation, democratic realism insists on the central importance of humility, hope, and charity.This guidebook is part of The Trauma Recovery Toolkit and needs to be purchased alongside the flashcards for full and…
effective use. Both can be purchased together as a set: 978-0-367-54690-8This guidebook is part of The Trauma Recovery Toolkit, a guidebook and flashcard set that has been created to empower individuals living with the effects of trauma and the mental health professionals that support them.Inspired by the latest research surrounding mindfulness, self-compassion, neuroscience and trauma recovery, the resource explores the effect of trauma on the brain and body and offers strategies which may be helpful in combatting the symptoms. The flashcard format enables trauma survivors to creatively respond to visual aids and prompts in a way that is comfortable for them, providing mental health professionals with a more creative and person-centred approach to directing clients towards their own healing journey.This resource comprises: 38 colourful flashcards that can be used as standalone visual aids or as a platform for creative responses A guidebook delving into the individual cards, their meaning and symbolism, and the research behind them Additional resources to support the client’s development of their own personalised cards Weaving together psychoeducation, creativity, symbolism, and the latest neuroscientific research, this essential toolkit offers all professionals working in mental health services a creative way to engage clients with therapy, empowering them to develop habits and ways of being that can support their recovery.Intended for use in educational settings and/or therapy contexts under the supervision of an adult. This is not a toy.When the State Speaks, What Should It Say?: How Democracies Can Protect Expression and Promote Equality
Par Corey Brettschneider. 2012
How should a liberal democracy respond to hate groups and others that oppose the ideal of free and equal citizenship?…
The democratic state faces the hard choice of either protecting the rights of hate groups and allowing their views to spread, or banning their views and violating citizens' rights to freedoms of expression, association, and religion. Avoiding the familiar yet problematic responses to these issues, political theorist Corey Brettschneider proposes a new approach called value democracy. The theory of value democracy argues that the state should protect the right to express illiberal beliefs, but the state should also engage in democratic persuasion when it speaks through its various expressive capacities: publicly criticizing, and giving reasons to reject, hate-based or other discriminatory viewpoints. Distinguishing between two kinds of state action--expressive and coercive--Brettschneider contends that public criticism of viewpoints advocating discrimination based on race, gender, or sexual orientation should be pursued through the state's expressive capacities as speaker, educator, and spender. When the state uses its expressive capacities to promote the values of free and equal citizenship, it engages in democratic persuasion. By using democratic persuasion, the state can both respect rights and counter hateful or discriminatory viewpoints. Brettschneider extends this analysis from freedom of expression to the freedoms of religion and association, and he shows that value democracy can uphold the protection of these freedoms while promoting equality for all citizens.Google's PageRank and Beyond: The Science of Search Engine Rankings
Par Amy N. Langville, Carl D. Meyer. 2006
Why doesn't your home page appear on the first page of search results, even when you query your own name?…
How do other web pages always appear at the top? What creates these powerful rankings? And how? The first book ever about the science of web page rankings, Google's PageRank and Beyond supplies the answers to these and other questions and more. The book serves two very different audiences: the curious science reader and the technical computational reader. The chapters build in mathematical sophistication, so that the first five are accessible to the general academic reader. While other chapters are much more mathematical in nature, each one contains something for both audiences. For example, the authors include entertaining asides such as how search engines make money and how the Great Firewall of China influences research. The book includes an extensive background chapter designed to help readers learn more about the mathematics of search engines, and it contains several MATLAB codes and links to sample web data sets. The philosophy throughout is to encourage readers to experiment with the ideas and algorithms in the text. Any business seriously interested in improving its rankings in the major search engines can benefit from the clear examples, sample code, and list of resources provided. Many illustrative examples and entertaining asides MATLAB code Accessible and informal style Complete and self-contained section for mathematics reviewJim and Jap Crow: A Cultural History of 1940s Interracial America
Par Matthew M. Briones. 2012
Following Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the U.S. government rounded up more than one hundred thousand Japanese Americans…
and sent them to internment camps. One of those internees was Charles Kikuchi. In thousands of diary pages, he documented his experiences in the camps, his resettlement in Chicago and drafting into the Army on the eve of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and his postwar life as a social worker in New York City. Kikuchi's diaries bear witness to a watershed era in American race relations, and expose both the promise and the hypocrisy of American democracy. Jim and Jap Crow follows Kikuchi's personal odyssey among fellow Japanese American intellectuals, immigrant activists, Chicago School social scientists, everyday people on Chicago's South Side, and psychologically scarred veterans in the hospitals of New York. The book chronicles a remarkable moment in America's history in which interracial alliances challenged the limits of the elusive democratic ideal, and in which the nation was forced to choose between civil liberty and the fearful politics of racial hysteria. It was an era of world war and the atomic bomb, desegregation in the military but Jim and Jap Crow elsewhere in America, and a hopeful progressivism that gave way to Cold War paranoia. Jim and Jap Crow looks at Kikuchi's life and diaries as a lens through which to observe the possibilities, failures, and key conversations in a dynamic multiracial America.The Soulful Science: What Economists Really Do and Why It Matters - Revised Edition
Par Diane Coyle. 2010
For many, Thomas Carlyle's put-down of economics as "the dismal science" rings true--especially in the aftermath of the crash of…
2008. But Diane Coyle argues that economics today is more soulful than dismal, a more practical and human science than ever before. The Soulful Science describes the remarkable creative renaissance in economics, how economic thinking is being applied to the paradoxes of everyday life. This revised edition incorporates the latest developments in the field, including the rise of behavioral finance, the failure of carbon trading, and the growing trend of government bailouts. She also discusses such major debates as the relationship between economic statistics and presidential elections, the boundary between private choice and public action, and who is to blame for today's banking crisis.Improving Poor People: The Welfare State, the "Underclass," and Urban Schools as History
Par Michael B. Katz. 1995
"There are places where history feels irrelevant, and America's inner cities are among them," acknowledges Michael Katz, in expressing the…
tensions between activism and scholarship. But this major historian of urban poverty realizes that the pain in these cities has its origins in the American past. To understand contemporary poverty, he looks particularly at an old attitude: because many nineteenth-century reformers traced extreme poverty to drink, laziness, and other forms of bad behavior, they tried to use public policy and philanthropy to improve the character of poor people, rather than to attack the structural causes of their misery. Showing how this misdiagnosis has afflicted today's welfare and educational systems, Katz draws on his own experiences to introduce each of four topics--the welfare state, the "underclass" debate, urban school reform, and the strategies of survival used by the urban poor. Uniquely informed by his personal involvement, each chapter also illustrates the interpretive power of history by focusing on a strand of social policy in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: social welfare from the poorhouse era through the New Deal, ideas about urban poverty from the undeserving poor to the "underclass," and the emergence of public education through the radical school reform movement now at work in Chicago. Why have American governments proved unable to redesign a welfare system that will satisfy anyone? Why has public policy proved unable to eradicate poverty and prevent the deterioration of major cities? What strategies have helped poor people survive the poverty endemic to urban history? How did urban schools become unresponsive bureaucracies that fail to educate most of their students? Are there fresh, constructive ways to think about welfare, poverty, and public education? Throughout the book Katz shows how interpretations of the past, grounded in analytic history, can free us of comforting myths and help us to reframe discussions of these great public issues.The classic history of economic thought through the ages—now fully updated and expandedHesiod defined the basic economic problem as one…
of scarce resources, a view still held by economists today. Diocletian tried to save the Roman Empire with wage and price fixes—a strategy that has not gone entirely out of style. Roger Backhouse takes readers from the ancient world to the frontiers of game theory, mechanism design, and engagements with climate science, presenting an essential history of a discipline that economist Alfred Marshall called “the study of mankind in the ordinary business of life.” Backhouse introduces the many fascinating figures who have thought about money and markets down through the centuries—from philosophers and theologians to politicians and poets—and shows how today’s economic ideas have their origins in antiquity. This updated edition of The Ordinary Business of Life includes a new chapter on contemporary economics and the rest of the book has been thoroughly revised.Pillars of Prosperity: The Political Economics of Development Clusters (The Yrjö Jahnsson Lectures)
Par Timothy Besley, Torsten Persson. 2011
How nations can promote peace, prosperity, and stability through cohesive political institutions"Little else is required to carry a state to…
the highest degree of opulence from the lowest barbarism, but peace, easy taxes, and a tolerable administration of justice; all the rest being brought about by the natural course of things." So wrote Adam Smith a quarter of a millennium ago. Using the tools of modern political economics and combining economic theory with a bird's-eye view of the data, this book reinterprets Smith's pillars of prosperity to explain the existence of development clusters—places that tend to combine effective state institutions, the absence of political violence, and high per-capita incomes.To achieve peace, the authors stress the avoidance of repressive government and civil conflict. Easy taxes, they argue, refers not to low taxes, but a tax system with widespread compliance that collects taxes at a reasonable cost from a broad base, like income. And a tolerable administration of justice is about legal infrastructure that can support the enforcement of contracts and property rights in line with the rule of law. The authors show that countries tend to enjoy all three pillars of prosperity when they have evolved cohesive political institutions that promote common interests, guaranteeing the provision of public goods. In line with much historical research, international conflict has also been an important force behind effective states by fostering common interests. The absence of common interests and/or cohesive political institutions can explain the existence of very different development clusters in fragile states that are plagued by poverty, violence, and weak state capacity.