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The Danger Imperative: Violence, Death, and the Soul of Policing
Par Michael Sierra-Arévalo. 2024
Policing is violent. And its violence is not distributed equally: stark racial disparities persist despite decades of efforts to address…
them. Amid public outcry and an ongoing crisis of police legitimacy, there is pressing need to understand not only how police perceive and use violence but also why.With unprecedented access to three police departments and drawing on more than 100 interviews and 1,000 hours on patrol, The Danger Imperative provides vital insight into how police culture shapes officers’ perception and practice of violence. From the front seat of a patrol car, it shows how the institution of policing reinforces a cultural preoccupation with violence through academy training, departmental routines, powerful symbols, and officers’ street-level behavior.This violence-centric culture makes no explicit mention of race, relying on the colorblind language of “threat” and “officer safety.” Nonetheless, existing patterns of systemic disadvantage funnel police hyperfocused on survival into poor minority neighborhoods. Without requiring individual bigotry, this combination of social structure, culture, and behavior perpetuates enduring inequalities in police violence.A trailblazing, on-the-ground account of modern policing, this book shows that violence is the logical consequence of an institutional culture that privileges officer survival over public safety.Ophthalmic Signs in Practice of Medicine
Par Amod Gupta, Reema Bansal, Aman Sharma, Arun Kapil. 2023
The book provides basic knowledge of clinical ophthalmic signs and their application in the clinical practice of medicine. It discusses…
several intra and extraocular signs that help the ophthalmologists to reach a diagnosis and suggest the presence or absence of an underlying severe sight-threatening or even life-threatening disease, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hematological disorders, systemic vasculitis, rheumatological disorders, brain tumors, sarcoidosis, or infectious diseases caused by M. tuberculosis, HIV or herpes viruses. The book is divided into two sections and each chapter is dedicated to one ophthalmic sign providing its pathophysiology, significance, differential diagnosis and clues to systemic disease. Each chapter is profusely illustrated with color and black and white images, and boxes with key messages on differential diagnosis and appropriate laboratory investigations. This book serves as a one-stop resource discussing the significance of individual ophthalmic signs and their context to sensitize the physicians, both the graduates and postgraduates in training, residents and fellows in ophthalmology, family medicine and internal medicine, and practicing physicians.Routledge Handbook of Maritime Security
Par Ruxandra-Laura Boşilcă, Susana Ferreira, Barry J. Ryan. 2022
This handbook offers a critical and substantial analysis of maritime security and documents the most pressing strategic, economic, socio-cultural and…
legal questions surrounding it. Written by leading international experts, this comprehensive volume presents a wide variety of theoretical positions on maritime security, detailing its achievements and outlining outstanding issues faced by those in the field. The book includes studies which cover the entire spectrum of activity along which maritime security is developing, including, piracy, cyber security, energy security, terrorism, narco-subs and illegal fishing. Demonstrating the transformative character and potential of the topic, the book is divided into two parts. The first part exhibits a range of perspectives and new approaches to maritime security, and the second explores emerging developments in the practice of security at sea, as well as regional studies written by local maritime security experts. Taken together, these contributions provide a compelling account of the evolving maritime security environment, casting fresh light on theoretical and empirical aspects.The book will be of much interest to practitioners and students of maritime security, naval studies, security studies, maritime history, and International Relations in general.The Routledge International Handbook on Decolonizing Justice (Routledge International Handbooks)
Par Chris Cunneen, Antje Deckert, Amanda Porter, Juan Tauri, Robert Webb. 2023
The Routledge International Handbook on Decolonizing Justice focuses on the growing worldwide movement aimed at decolonizing state policies and practices,…
and various disciplinary knowledges including criminology, social work and law. The collection of original chapters brings together cutting-edge, politically engaged work from a diverse group of writers who take as a starting point an analysis founded in a decolonizing, decolonial and/or Indigenous standpoint. Centering the perspectives of Black, First Nations and other racialized and minoritized peoples, the book makes an internationally significant contribution to the literature.The chapters include analyses of specific decolonization policies and interventions instigated by communities to enhance jurisdictional self-determination; theoretical approaches to decolonization; the importance of research and research ethics as a key foundation of the decolonization process; crucial contemporary issues including deaths in custody, state crime, reparations, and transitional justice; and critical analysis of key institutions of control, including police, courts, corrections, child protection systems and other forms of carcerality.The handbook is divided into five sections which reflect the breadth of the decolonizing literature:• Why decolonization? From the personal to the global• State terror and violence• Abolishing the carceral• Transforming and decolonizing justice• Disrupting epistemic violenceThis book offers a comprehensive and timely resource for activists, students, academics, and those with an interest in Indigenous studies, decolonial and post-colonial studies, criminal legal institutions and criminology. It provides critical commentary and analyses of the major issues for enhancing social justice internationally.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.Autonomic Disorders in Clinical Practice
Par Giuseppe Micieli, Max Hilz, Pietro Cortelli. 2023
This book is focused on a clinical-based diagnostic approach of autonomic dysfunctions, highlighting main diagnostic tools and pharmacological and non-pharmacological…
therapies available nowadays. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a subcomponent of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and dysfunction of one or more subdivisions of the ANS, when accompanying other diseases, is linked to a worse prognosis of the latter. In some circumstances or when severe, dysfunction of ANS itself results in symptoms and disability. A myriad of factors can cause autonomic dysfunction and more than one can concur even in the same patient; due to the expansive nature of the ANS, patients can be affected by a wide range of conditions. Each chapter is characterized by a similar structure and is devoted to a different dysfunction. For each pathology, the book offers the essential information on mechanisms of action, treatments and outcomes. Written by experts in the research of these disorders, the volume addresses primarily Neurologists, but will be a useful tool also for Gastroenterologists, Ophthalmologists, Urologists, Cardiologists and Internal medicine specialists.Lay Them to Rest: On the Road with the Cold Case Investigators Who Identify the Nameless
Par Laurah Norton. 2023
Take a fascinating deep dive into the dark world of forensic science as experts team up to solve the identity…
of an unknown woman by exploring the rapidly evolving techniques being used to break the most notorious cold cases. Fans of true crime shows like CSI, NCIS, Criminal Minds, and Law and Order know that when it comes to &“getting the bad guy&” behind bars, your best chance of success boils down to the strength of your evidence—and the forensic science used to obtain it. Beyond the silver screen, forensic science has been used for decades to help solve even the most tough-to-crack cases. In 2018, the accused Golden State Killer, Joseph DeAngelo, was finally apprehended after a decades-long investigation thanks to a very recent technique called forensic genealogy, which has since led to the closure of hundreds of cold cases, bringing long-awaited justice to victims and families alike. But when it comes to solving these incredibly difficult cases, forensic genealogy is just the tip of the iceberg—and many readers have no idea just how far down that iceberg goes. For Laurah Norton, forensic science was always more of a passion than anything else. But after learning about a mishandled 1990s cold case involving missing twins, she was spurred to action, eventually creating a massively popular podcast and building a platform that helped bring widespread attention and resources to the case. LAY THEM TO REST builds on Laurah&’s fascination with these investigations, introducing readers to the history and evolution of forensic science, from the death masks used in Ancient Rome to the 3-D facial reconstruction technology used today. Incorporating the stories of real-life John & Jane Does from around the world, Laurah also examines how changing identification methods have helped solve the most iconic cold cases. Along the way readers will also get to see Laurah solve a case in real time with forensic anthropologist Dr. Amy Michael, as they try to determine the identity of &“Ina&” Jane Doe, a woman whose head was found in a brush in an Illinois park in 1993. More than just a chronicle of the history of forensics, LAY THEM TO REST is also a celebration of the growing field of experts, forensic artists, and anthropologists (many of whom Laurah talks to in the book), who work tirelessly to bring closure to these unsolved cases. And of course, this book asks why some cases go unsolved, highlighting the &“missing missing,&” the sex workers, undocumented, the cases that so desperately need our attention, but so rarely get it. Engrossing, informative, heartbreaking, and hopeful, LAY THEM TO REST is a deep dive into the world of forensic science, showing readers how far we&’ve come in cracking cases and catching killers, and illuminating just how far we have yet to go.Sedition Hunters: How January 6th Broke the Justice System
Par Ryan J. Reilly. 2023
The January 6th attack is an unprecedented crime in American history. Sprawling and openly political, it can't be handled by…
the traditional rules and norms of law enforcement--threatening the very idea of justice and its role in society. The attack on the Capitol building following the 2020 election was an extraordinarily large and brazen crime. Conspiracies were formed on social media in full public view, the law-breakers paraded on national television with undisguised faces, and with outgoing President Donald Trump openly cheering them on. The basic concept of law enforcement--investigators find criminals and serve justice--quickly breaks down in the face of such an event. The system has been strained by the sheer volume of criminals and the widespread perception that what they did wasn't wrong. A mass of online tipsters--"sedition hunters"--have mobilized, simultaneously providing the FBI with valuable intelligence and creating an ethical dilemma. Who gets to serve justice? How can law enforcement still function as a pillar of civil society? As the foundations of our government are questioned, the FBI and Department of Justice are the first responders to a crisis of democracy and law that threatens to spread, and fast. In this work of extraordinary reportage, Ryan Reilly gets to know would-be revolutionaries, obsessive online sleuths, and FBI agents, and shines a light on a justice system that's straining to maintain order in our polarized country. From the moment the police barriers were breached on January 6th, 2021, Americans knew something had profoundly changed. Sedition Hunters is the fascinating, high-stakes story of what happens next.Before the Badge: How Academy Training Shapes Police Violence
Par Samantha J. Simon. 2024
An inside look at how police officers are trained to perpetuate state violenceMichael Brown. Philando Castile. George Floyd. Breonna Taylor.…
As the names of those killed by the police became cemented into public memory, the American public took to the streets in unprecedented numbers to mourn, organize, and demand changes to the current system of policing. In response, police departments across the country committed themselves to change, pledging to hire more women and people of color, incorporate diversity training, and instruct officers to verbally de-escalate interactions with the public.These reform efforts tend to rely on a “bad apple” argument, focusing the nature and scope of the problem on the behavior of specific individuals and rarely considering the broader organizational process that determines who is allowed to patrol the public and how they learn to do their jobs. In Before the Badge, Samantha J. Simon provides a firsthand look into how police officers are selected and trained, describing every stage of the process, including recruitment, classroom instruction, and tactical training.Simon spent a year at police academies participating in the training alongside cadets, giving her a visceral, hands-on understanding of how police training operates. Using rich and detailed examples, she reveals that the process does more than test a cadet’s physical or intellectual abilities. Instead, it socializes cadets into a system of state violence. As training progresses, cadets are expected to see themselves as warriors and to view Black and Latino/a members of the public as their enemies. Cadets who cannot or will not uphold this approach end up washing out. In Before the Badge, Simon explains how this training creates a context in which patterns of police violence persist and implores readers to re-envision the future of policing in the United States.Contemporary Threat Management: A Practical Guide For Identifying, Assessing, And Managing Individuals Of Violent Intent
Par Frederick S. Calhoun, Stephen W. Weston. 2003
Women in Policing: A History through Personal Stories
Par Tom Andrews. 2024
The history of policing in Britain is a considerably under-researched subject, and the advancement of women within that history even…
more so. This book seeks to fill that gap, by tracking the progress of women in policing - a story that is longer and more complex than perhaps first meets the eye.Rather than taking a broad narrative overview of women's progress in the realm of law enforcement, this book examines individual experiences within that history. It tells women’s stories as a representative snapshot of the time in which they policed, allowing the reader to understand the wider context whilst taking the time to relfect on those women who have made the ultimate sacrifice in the line of duty.Assembled from a collection of experts in the field of police history and the Police History Society, this is a must-read for anyone with an interest in women’s, social, or policing history in Britain.Introduction to Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice
Par Christine Hess Orthmann, Henry Lim Cho, Kären Matison Hess. 2018
This comprehensive and practical book covers law enforcement and the criminal justice system as a whole (including courts, corrections, and…
juvenile justice) in one easy-to-understand volume. You'll find a realistic and relevant "boots on the street" perspective, real world examples in every chapter, and up-to-date information on a wide range of today's hottest topics. You'll learn about the ways technology is changing the day-to-day operations of policing and police interaction with the public; the recommendations of the President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing, including the need to improve trust and legitimacy with the public and a shift away from the warrior mentality to a guardian mindset; the law enforcement response to new terrorism threats such as ISIS and homegrown violent extremists; drones and other new surveillance techniques; and more.Plastic Surgery of the Lower Eyelids
Par Jeremiah P. Tao. 2023
This textbook details knowledge and techniques required for the management of a broad spectrum of lower eyelid malposition, conditions, and…
cosmetic surgery. The lower eyelids are very prone to malposition and even mild scarring or slight irregularities cause patient dissatisfaction. Ectropion, lagophthalmos, and retraction are common results of attempts to repair or rejuvenate the periocular area, but also pose serious risks to the eye. Skills in forestalling these issues as well as repairing them when they do are occur are paramount for any facial surgeon and are covered throughout the textbook.Plastic Surgery of the Lower Eyelids explores solutions and treatment of the spectrum of lower eyelid conditions and aesthetic concerns. It also highlights both functional and cosmetic surgery of the lower eyelids and cheeks that often co-exist. In addition to treatments for eyelid retraction that occurs after cosmetic lower eyelid surgery, this textbook details maneuvers that forestall malposition when performing aesthetic surgery. Residents, fellows and clinicians in oculoplastic surgery, ophthalmology, plastic surgery and other related fields will find this textbook to be an essential guide for delivering safe and effective lower eyelid surgery.Atlas of Lacrimal Drainage Disorders
Par Mohammad Javed Ali. 2023
The second edition of this successful Atlas provides an updated and comprehensive guide to the evaluation and management of lacrimal…
drainage disorders with 4400+ images.. Lacrimal disorders are one of the most common conditions encountered not only by oculoplastic surgeons and general ophthalmologists, but also by otorhinolaryngologists in their daily practice. It is authored by a world renowned expert in the field. The 2nd edition consists of 103 chapters addressing the basic anatomy and underlying pathology, patient evaluation, and the surgical procedures currently performed in managing various lacrimal disorders. Surgical modalities including the endoscopic approaches are thoroughly and succinctly captured in pictures with detailed legends to aid understanding and offer a visual treat. The book discusses how to deal with surgical complications and failure in detail since familiarity with a surgical technique is incomplete without the knowledge of risk factors and redflags.The 2nd edition of the Atlas of Lacrimal Drainage Disorders is an essential companion to the author’s previous work ‘Principles and Practice of Lacrimal Surgery’.This detailed guide is an indispensable resource for practicing ophthalmologists, oculoplastic surgeons, dacryologists, ophthalmology residents, ophthalmology fellows, practicing otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngology residents and rhinology fellows.Police Custody in Ireland
Par Yvonne Daly. 2024
Police Custody in Ireland brings together experts from policing studies, law, criminology, and psychology, to critically examine contemporary police custody…
in Ireland, what we know about it, how it operates, how it is experienced, and how it might be improved.This first-of-its-kind collection focuses exclusively on detention in Garda Síochána stations, critically examining it from human rights and best practice perspectives. It examines the physical environment of custody, police interview techniques, existing protections, rights, and entitlements, and experiences of specific communities in custody, such as children, ethnic minorities, non-English speakers, the Mincéir/Traveller community, and those with intellectual disabilities or Autism Spectrum Disorder. Police Custody in Ireland gives a snapshot of garda custody as it is now and makes important recommendations for necessary future improvements.An accessible and compelling read, this book will be of interest to those engaged in policing and criminology, as well as related areas of interest such as human rights, youth justice and disability studies.Dead Center: Behind the Scenes at the World's Largest Medical Examiner's Office
Par Shiya Ribowsky, Tom Shachtman. 2006
A city with eight million people has eight million ways to dieFor fifteen years, Shiya Ribowsky worked as a medicolegal…
investigator in New York City’s medical examiner’s office—the largest, most sophisticated organization of its kind in the world. Utilizing his background in medicine, he led the investigations of more than eight thousand individual deaths, becoming a key figure in some of New York’s most bizarre death cases and eventually taking charge of the largest forensic investigation ever attempted: identifying the dead in the aftermath of the September 11 tragedies. Now, in this mesmerizing book, Ribowsky pulls back the curtain on the New York City’s medical examiner’s office, giving an enthralling, never-before-seen glimpse into death and the city. Born and raised in New York City’s orthodox Jewish community, Ribowsky seems an unlikely candidate for this macabre profession. Nevertheless he has forsaken a promising career of medical work with the living, descending instead into the realm of the dead, enticed by the challenge of confronting death on a daily basis. Taking you through the vermin-infested Bowery flophouses and posh Upper East Side apartments of the city’s dead, Ribowsky explores in gruesome detail the skeletons that hang in the Big Apple’s closets. Combing through the autopsy room, he also exposes the grim secrets that only a scalpel and a dead body can tell and explains how forensic investigation does not merely solve crimes—it saves lives. But it is in the aftermath of September 11 that the ME’s office is handed its biggest challenge: to identify as many of the fallen as possible. With poignant descriptions, Ribowsky provides a dramatic account of the office’s diligent and unflappable work with the families of the victims, helping them emerge from the ashes of this tragedy while displaying the strength, grit, intelligence, and compassion that Americans expect from true New Yorkers. At once compelling and heartbreaking, Dead Center is a story of New York unlike any other, blending the haunting with the sublime, while painting a striking portrait of death (and life) in the city that never sleeps.Hunting El Chapo: The Inside Story of the American Lawman Who Captured the World's Most-Wanted Drug Lord
Par Andrew Hogan, Douglas Century. 2018
A blend of Manhunt, Killing Pablo, and Zero Dark Thirty, Andrew Hogan and Douglas Century’s sensational investigative high-tech thriller—soon to…
be a major motion picture from Sony—chronicles a riveting chapter in the twentieth-century drug wars: the exclusive inside story of the American lawman and his dangerous eight-year hunt that captured El Chapo—the world’s most wanted drug kingpin who evaded the law for more than a decade.Every generation has a larger-than-life criminal: Jesse James, Billy the Kid, John Dillinger, Al Capone, John Gotti, Pablo Escobar. But each of these notorious lawbreakers had a "white hat" in pursuit: Wyatt Earp, Pat Garrett, Eliot Ness, Steve Murphy. For notorious drug lord Joaquín Archivaldo Guzmán-Loera—El Chapo—that lawman is former Drug Enforcement Administration Special Agent Andrew Hogan. In 2006, fresh out of the D.E.A. Academy, Hogan heads west to Arizona where he immediately plunges into a series of gripping undercover adventures, all unknowingly placing him on the trail of Guzmán, the leader of the Sinaloa Cartel, a Forbes billionaire and Public Enemy No. 1 in the United States. Six years later, as head of the D.E.A.’s Sinaloa Cartel desk in Mexico City, Hogan finds his life and Chapo’s are ironically, on parallel paths: they’re both obsessed with the details.In a recasting of the classic American Western on the global stage, Hunting El Chapo takes us on Hogan’s quest to achieve the seemingly impossible, from infiltrating El Chapo’s inner circle to leading a white-knuckle manhunt with an elite brigade of trusted Mexican Marines—racing door-to-door through the cartel’s stronghold and ultimately bringing the elusive and murderous king-pin to justice. This cinematic crime story following the relentless investigative work of Hogan and his team unfolds at breakneck speed, taking the reader behind the scenes of one of the most sophisticated and dangerous counter-narcotics operations in the history of the United States and Mexico.Surgery in and around the Orbit: CrossRoads
Par Peter J. J. Gooris, Maarten P. Mourits, J. Eelco Bergsma. 2023
This OpenAccess - textbook sheds new light on pathology in and around the orbit, which is typically an area where…
many medical disciplines overlap. Each physician brings a specific expertise, but the goal should be that the end result of all this input is much more than the sum of the parts. Collaboration, insight and overall knowledge of all parties involved are essential to achieve an optimal patient outcome.Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons have traditionally focused on the bony parts of the orbit, but usually have limited knowledge of the intricacies of binocular single vision, and for the Ophthalmologist it may be the other way around. In the past, scientific articles were often written from a single point of view, resulting in tunnel vision for the physician. The multidisciplinary approach to the orbit leads to an improvement in treatment that should not be underestimated and from which the patient benefits immensely. But especially for the physician and the trainees, a multidisciplinary consultation is a real goldmine in which a lot can be gained. Not every medical problem needs to be tackled in a multidisciplinary framework, but problems around the eye socket often do.At Amphia Hospital in Breda, the Netherlands, more than fifteen years ago, a collaboration between Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, Endocrinologists, Radiologists and Ophthalmologists was initiated, which has proven to be very fruitful. The main focus was on Graves' Orbitopathy and orbital fractures, but problems associated with these conditions were also frequently encountered. For those who want to follow this example, or for those who are interested in both orbital surgery, anatomy or ophthalmological orbital issues, this book could prove to be complementary.Diagnosis and Surgical Therapy of Infantile Corneal Opacities (In Clinical Practice)
Par Sarah Barbara Zwingelberg. 2024
The book provides a condensed overview of the diagnostics, genetics and current treatment options for congenital corneal opacities and dysgenesis…
of the anterior segment of the eye. Concise yet detailed presentation of the most important clinical congenital corneal opacities and their differential diagnoses including color illustrations are depicted throughout the book.Diagnosis and Surgical Therapy of Infantile Corneal Opacities includes up-to-date and scientifically reviewed therapy options for specific congenital corneal diseases. Ophthalmologists seeking a clear and concise congenital corneal disease reference guide will find this book to be an indispensable resource in their daily clinical practice.Get Off My Neck: Black Lives, White Justice, and a Former Prosecutor's Quest for Reform
Par Debbie Hines. 2024
A deeply revealing exposé of the American prosecutorial system and its historic and present racial inequities—and how we can transform…
the system to one of fairness and justice.In Get Off My Neck, Debbie Hines draws on her unique perspective as a trial lawyer, former Baltimore prosecutor, and assistant attorney general for the State of Maryland to argue that US prosecutors, as the most powerful players in the criminal justice system, systematically target and criminalize Black people. Hines describes her disillusionment as a young Black woman who initially entered the profession with the goal of helping victims of crimes, only to discover herself aiding and abetting a system that prizes plea bargaining, speedy conviction, and excessive punishment above all else. In this book, she offers concrete, specific, and hopeful solutions for just how we can come together in a common purpose for criminal justice and racial justice reform.Get Off My Neck explains that the racial inequities in the prosecutorial system are built into our country&’s DNA. What&’s more, they are the direct result of a history that has conditioned Americans to perceive the Black body as insignificant at best and dangerous at worst. Unlike other books that discuss the prosecutor&’s office and change from inside the office, Hines offers a proactive approach to fixing our broken prosecutorial system through a broad-based alliance of reform-minded prosecutors, activists, allies, communities, and racial justice organizations—all working together to end the racist treatment of Black people.Told intimately through personal, family, and client narratives, Get Off My Neck is not only a deeply sobering account of our criminal justice system and its devastating impact on Black children, youth, and adults but also a practical and inspiring roadmap for how we can start doing better right now.The NYPD Tapes: A Shocking Story of Cops, Cover-Ups, and Courage
Par Graham A. Rayman. 2013
In May 2010, NYPD officer Adrian Schoolcraft made national headlines when he released a series of secretly recorded audio tapes…
exposing corruption and abuse at the highest levels of the police department. But, according to a lawsuit filed by Schoolcraft against the City of New York, instead of admitting mistakes and pledging reform Schoolcraft's superiors forced him into a mental hospital in an effort to discredit the evidence. In The NYPD Tapes, the reporter who first broke the Schoolcraft story brings his ongoing saga up to date, revealing the rampant abuses that continue in the NYPD today, including warrantless surveillance and systemic harassment. Through this lens, he tells the broader tale of how American law enforcement has for the past thirty years been distorted by a ruthless quest for numbers, in the form of CompStat, the vaunted data-driven accountability system first championed by New York police chief William Bratton and since implemented in police departments across the country. Forced to produce certain crime stats each quarter or face discipline, cops in New York and everywhere else fudged the numbers, robbing actual crime victims of justice and sweeping countless innocents into the police net. Rayman paints a terrifying picture of a system gone wild, and the pitiless fate of the whistleblower who tried to stop it.