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Mueller-Matrix Tomography of Biological Tissues and Fluids: Digital Image Processing and Analysis Techniques (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
Par Zhengbing Hu, Yuriy A. Ushenko, Iryna V. Soltys, Oleksandr V. Dubolazov, M. P. Gorsky, Oleksandr V. Olar, Liliya Yu. Trifonyuk. 2024
This book presents experimental investigations and digital image processing, highlighting the interaction of polarized radiation with phase-inhomogeneous and optically anisotropic…
biological layers. The promising and efficient use of vector-parametric description of the formation of polarization-inhomogeneous object fields is noted. Applications of a set of Mueller-matrix polarimetry methods are highlighted. The book includes- structural and logical scheme of multi-parameter (singular, interference and layer-by-layer Stokes-polarimetric), polarization-correlation study of the structure of distributions of the number of singularities, maps of local contrast of interference distributions and layer-by-layer maps of microscopic polarization azimuth and ellipticity; determination of relationships between changes in the magnitude of statistical parameters characterizing polarization-correlation distributions and pathology of prostate tumors.Biomass Conversion and Sustainable Biorefinery: Towards Circular Bioeconomy (Green Energy and Technology)
Par Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis, Seng Hua Lee, Efri Mardawati, Souvia Rahimah, Petar Antov, Robi Andoyo, Ľuboš Krišťák, Bambang Nurhadi. 2024
This book highlights recent progress on the advancements toward optimization of major biorefinery processes, including biomass pretreatment and fractionation, saccharification…
of sugars, and conversion of sugars and lignin into fuels and chemical precursors. The continual improvement of these processes and their integration in the format of a modern biorefinery is paving the way for a sustainable bio-economy that will displace large portions of petroleum-derived fuels and chemicals with renewable substitutes. Written by leading researchers from academia and well-renowned industry professionals, this book provides a comprehensive review of various aspects related to the recent developments in biomass conversion and biorefinery, aimed at successfully implementing the circular economy principles in various industries.This thesis addresses the design of crystal structures using hydrogen bonds. In particular, it focuses on the design of functionalities…
and the control over the packing of molecular assemblies, based on molecular designs.Firstly, the synthesis and evaluation of a proton–electron mixed conducting charge transfer salt is reported. Focusing on the difference in the strength of hydrogen bonds and weaker intermolecular interactions, a system was rationally designed and constructed where electron-conducting molecular wires were encapsulated within a proton-conducting matrix. Next, the investigation of structural phase transitions in a cocrystal consisting of hydrogen-bonded two-dimensional molecular assemblies is reported. Drastic rearrangements of hydrogen-bonded molecular assemblies in the cocrystal led to single-crystal-to-single-crystal phase transitions, resulting in anisotropic changes in the crystal shape. Furthermore, chemical modification of a component molecule in the cocrystal is reported. The modification afforded control over the stacking patterns of the two-dimensional molecular assemblies, i.e., sheets, and the mechanism was discussed considering the intersheet intermolecular interactions and molecular motion.It is suggested that hydrogen bonds are beneficial to construct molecular assemblies in molecular crystals because of their strength and well-defined directionality, and the consideration of coexisting weaker intermolecular interactions can lead to the design of whole crystal structures and, hence, functionalities. This thesis benefits students and researchers working on solid-state chemistry by presenting various methods for characterizing and evaluating the properties of molecular solids.This book introduces a comprehensive framework tailored for dissecting complex systems across diverse disciplines. What defines a complex system? How…
can we harness information to quantify its order, structure, and intricacy? Delving into phenomena from the intricate processes in physical systems to the dynamic behaviours in cellular automata and pattern formation, readers will uncover the profound interplay between physics and information theory. This intricate relationship provides fresh insight into physical phenomena, reimagining them through the lens of information. Notably, the book demystifies how seemingly opposing forces—rising order and increasing disorder—coexist, ultimately shedding light on the second law of thermodynamics as an outcome of deterministic, reversible dynamics beneath the surface. Geared towards graduate students, this book presumes an undergraduate foundation in mathematics and physics, ensuring a deep, engaging exploration for its readers.Novel Optical Fiber Sensing Technology and Systems (Progress in Optical Science and Photonics #28)
Par Mingjiang Zhang, Jianzhong Zhang, Lijun Qiao, Tao Wang. 2024
This book highlights recent advances in novel optical fiber sensing technology and systems, using distributed fiber sensing technology based on…
chaotic lasers. Upon introducing the basic theory of chaotic laser, a novel light source, the book summarizes new frontier technologies, and presents photonic integration and sensing applications. The book elaborates on new technologies of distributed optical fiber sensors and its engineering applications, as well as narrow-linewidth fiber laser for optical fiber sensing. This book is of great reference for researchers and professionals in the area of optics and optoelectronics.Interdisciplinary Analyses of Professional Basketball: Investigating the Hardwood (Global Culture and Sport Series)
Par Till Neuhaus, Niklas Thomas. 2024
This edited collection conceptualizes professional basketball not just as a sport but as an historically, culturally, and economically embedded entity.…
The chapters analyse the fact that the sport of basketball contains alternative logics that can easily clash, and by treating professional basketball as the negotiation place of these multiple demands, ideas, and logics, the editors have identified three areas in which these clashes manifest: the realization of the game; the cultural impact of professional basketball and the global outreach of professional basketball. The book is explanatory and qualitative, offering new perspectives and touching on topics including gender, diversity, racism, and minority experiences within professional basketball. As such it will be of interest to sport sociologists, as well as those researching the history of sport, sports marketing and cultural studies.Applied Econometric Analysis Using Cross Section and Panel Data (Contributions to Economics)
Par Deep Mukherjee. 2023
This book is a collection of 20 chapters on chosen topics from cross-section and panel data econometrics. It explores both…
theoretical and practical aspects of selected cutting-edge techniques which are gaining popularity among applied econometricians, while following the motto of “keeping things simple”. Each chapter gives a basic introduction to one such method, directs readers to supplementary references, and shows an application. The book takes into account that—A: The field of econometrics is evolving very fast and leading textbooks are trying to cover some of the recent developments in revised editions. This book offers basic introduction to state-of-the-art techniques and recent advances in econometric models with detailed applications from various developing and developed countries. B: An applied researcher or practitioner may prefer reference books with a simple introduction to an advanced econometric method or model with no theorems but with a longer discussion on empirical application. Thus, an applied econometrics textbook covering these cutting-edge methods is highly warranted; a void this book attempts to fills.The book does not aim at providing a comprehensive coverage of econometric methods. The 20 chapters in this book represent only a sample of the important topics in modern econometrics, with special focus on econometrics of cross-section and panel data, while also recognizing that it is not possible to accommodate all types of models and methods even in these two categories. The book is unique as authors have also provided the theoretical background (if any) and brief literature review behind the empirical applications. It is a must-have resource for students and practitioners of modern econometrics.Quantum Impurity Problems in the Framework of Natural Orbitals: A Comprehensive Study (Springer Theses)
Par Maxime Debertolis. 2024
This book presents a complete study of natural orbitals in quantum impurity problems, revealing a certain simplicity in these interacting…
many-body problems. These systems consist of a few localized degrees of freedom that undergo strong interactions and hybridize with a larger system of free particles; they are central in the study of strongly correlated systems. In a first step, the standard non-perturbative numerical renormalization group method is employed to demonstrate the hierarchical structure of correlations unveiled by natural orbitals. This simplification brought new insights for simulating quantum impurity problems, and a new algorithm is developed to generate an optimized subset of natural orbitals independently of existing methods, going beyond their usual limitations. This algorithm is presented in detail in the book, and a careful benchmark on known results is carried out to guarantee the validity of the method. It is then used to study spatial entanglement structures under various conditions that were not accessible with previous methods, such as representing the electron bath by a realistic 2D square lattice or taking account of static disorder in the metallic host. In the last chapter, the non-interacting problem in the presence of disorder is studied through random matrix theory, reproducing some of the results presented in the previous chapters. The main original result of this chapter lies in the analytical calculation of the joint distribution of one-particle orbitals energies and amplitudes of the impurity, which makes it possible to calculate any disordered averaged local correlation functions. Starting from this result, calculations in the large-N limit are compared with numerical simulations.This book analyzes and summarizes the process and achievements of China's economic restructuring from 1978 to 2018, including the objectives…
of China's economic restructuring, the initial stage of market-oriented reform (1979–1984), the comprehensive development stage of market-oriented reform (1985–1992), and the initial establishment stage of market-oriented reform system (1993–2000). The book illustrates the achievements and significance of China's economic system reform during the stage of system improvement (2001–2011) and the stage of comprehensive deepening reform focusing on market-oriented reform (2012–2018). It has great international significance to summarize the experiences of China's economic restructuring, and it is conducive to continuing the reform and achieving the final victory of the reform.Unconventional Shale Gas Exploration and Exploitation: Current Trends in Shale Gas Exploitation (Advances in Oil and Gas Exploration & Production)
Par Annapurna Boruah, Sumit Verma, Shib Sankar Ganguli. 2024
From the geological mysteries of shale formations to cutting-edge techniques in gas extraction, this book unveils the essential knowledge to…
harness the potential of shale gas. The book integrates various data types such as outcrop, well logs, core data, etc.) for hydrofracturing—from basin-scale to nano-pore-scale. The book included a wealth of information on the latest advancements, industry practices, environmental considerations, policies, and more. In a world increasingly conscious of environmental concerns, "Cleaner Energy from the Earth" offers a fresh perspective on the utilization of shale gas as a cleaner fossil fuel alternative. This comprehensive book takes the reader on a captivating journey through the science, technology, and innovation driving shale gas exploration and exploitation towards a greener future. Whether you're a seasoned industry professional, a student, or a curious reader, this book provides a comprehensive and accessible resource for all levels of expertise.Enlargement and the Future of Europe: Views from the Capitals
Par Michael Kaeding, Johannes Pollak, Paul Schmidt. 2023
This book analyses Member States’ and EU neighbours’ national visions for the enlargement of the European Union (EU), highlighting 41…
national histories, policies, and corresponding public perceptions of European integration. In a geopolitical context in which Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine has renewed the impetus for EU enlargement, national views vary considerably on the timing, conditions, and reforms necessary to welcome Eastern neighbours and the Western Balkans countries into the European family. Moreover, EU enlargement policy is not only an investment in peace and stability; it has also become a political tool in response to the exploitation of interdependencies and illiberal pressures. This book presents concrete policy recommendations to national governments and the EU on how to move forward productively.The Routledge Handbook on Karl Polanyi (Routledge International Handbooks)
Par Michele Cangiani, Claus Thomasberger. 2024
Karl Polanyi is one of the most influential social scientists of our era. A report of the United Nations Conference…
on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) begins by noting that we are in a "Polanyi era": a time of dangerously unregulated markets, where the greatest need for decisive political action is matched by the least trust in politics. This handbook provides a comprehensive of recent research on Polanyi’s work and ideas, including the central place occupied by his thinking on the relationship between economics and politics. The stellar line-up of contributors to this book explore Polanyi’s work reflecting the intrinsic interdisciplinarity of Polanyi’s approach to understanding our society, its place in history, its fundamental dynamics, and its contradictions, as well as the methodological issues he raises. The handbook broadly follows a chronological structure beginning with influences on Polanyi, his formative experiences and early works. A significant section is dedicated to Polanyi’s seminal work, The Great Transformation, and its impact. Further sections also look at Polanyi’s wider influence, on various disciplines and methodological debates, and his ongoing relevance for present-day issues including debates on populism, neoliberalism and low carbon transitions. This handbook is a vital resource for students and scholars of economics, politics, sociology, and other social sciences.Multiple Systems: Complexity and Coherence in Ecosystems, Collective Behavior, and Social Systems (Contributions to Management Science)
Par Gianfranco Minati, Maria Pietronilla Penna. 2024
This book presents the proceedings of the Eighth National Conference of the Italian Systems Society. The contributions underline the need…
for Systemics and Systems Science in order to address multiple, changing systems involving several coherent versions.The conference focused on identifying, discussing, and understanding possible interrelationships between fundamental theoretical advances in different disciplines. Given their scope, these proceedings represent a valuable asset for all researchers whose work involves multiple systems.The Entrepreneurial State: Debunking Public vs Private Sector Myths (Anthem Other Canon Economics Ser. #1)
Par Mariana Mazzucato. 2023
Award-winning economist Mariana Mazzucato&’s famously incisive international bestseller debunking the pervasive myth of the inept state versus an innovative private…
sector—with a new preface by the authorAccording to conventional wisdom, innovation is best left to the bold entrepreneurs of the private sector, and government should get out of the way. But what if that wasn't case? What if, from the inventions of Silicon Valley to medical breakthroughs, the public sector has actually been the most courageous and valuable risk-taker of all?Critically acclaimed and influential thinker and scholar Mariana Mazzucato argues comprehensively against the myth of a lumbering, bureaucratic state versus a dynamic, innovative private sector with remarkable original and deep research. In a series of case studies—from nanotechnology to the emerging green tech of today—Mazzucato reveals that the opposite is true: the private sector only finds the courage to invest after an entrepreneurial state has made the high-risk investments. The Entrepreneurial State reveals how every technology that makes the iPhone so &“smart&” was actually funded by the government—from the Internet and GPS technology, to touch-screen displays and voice-activated Siri.In the history of modern capitalism, the State has not only fixed market failures, but has also actively shaped and created markets. In doing so, it sometimes wins and sometimes fails. Yet by not admitting the State&’s role in active risk taking, we've created an "innovation system" where the public sector socializes risks while privatizing reward, as Mazzucato controversially argues. This bold and provocative book considers how we adopted this dysfunctional dynamic, and then how we can overcome it so that economic growth can be not only "smart" but "inclusive" as well.Data Science and Machine Learning Applications in Subsurface Engineering
Par Daniel Asante Otchere. 2023
This book covers unsupervised learning, supervised learning, clustering approaches, feature engineering, explainable AI and multioutput regression models for subsurface engineering…
problems. Processing voluminous and complex data sets are the primary focus of the field of machine learning (ML). ML aims to develop data-driven methods and computational algorithms that can learn to identify complex and non-linear patterns to understand and predict the relationships between variables by analysing extensive data. Although ML models provide the final output for predictions, several steps need to be performed to achieve accurate predictions. These steps, data pre-processing, feature selection, feature engineering and outlier removal, are all contained in this book. New models are also developed using existing ML architecture and learning theories to improve the performance of traditional ML models and handle small and big data without manual adjustments. This research-oriented book will help subsurface engineers, geophysicists, and geoscientists become familiar with data science and ML advances relevant to subsurface engineering. Additionally, it demonstrates the use of data-driven approaches for salt identification, seismic interpretation, estimating enhanced oil recovery factor, predicting pore fluid types, petrophysical property prediction, estimating pressure drop in pipelines, bubble point pressure prediction, enhancing drilling mud loss, smart well completion and synthetic well log predictions.Unser Platz im Universum: Astronomie anhand alter Entdeckungen verstehen
Par Sun Kwok. 2023
Wenn Sie schon immer die Grundprinzipien der Astronomie und der Himmelsbewegungen verstehen wollten, sollten Sie dieses Buch lesen. Anhand von…
Bildern des Himmels, die von verschiedenen Orten der Erde aus beobachtet wurden, sowie von Zeichnungen alter astronomischer Methoden und Werkzeuge erzählt Prof. Sun Kwok diese Geschichte auf unterhaltsame und faszinierende Weise.Seit den Anfängen der menschlichen Zivilisation haben sich die Menschen Gedanken über die Struktur des Kosmos und unseren Platz im Universum gemacht. Vor mehr als 2.000 Jahren wussten unsere Vorfahren bereits, dass die Jahreszeiten ungleichmäßig verlaufen, dass die Erde frei im Raum schwebt, und dass es Sterne gibt, die sie nicht sehen können. Aus ihren Himmelsbeobachtungen schlossen sie, dass die Erde rund ist. Mit einfachen Werkzeugen und mathematischen Methoden bestimmten die Astronomen der Antike die Größe der Erde und des Mondes, die Entfernung zum Mond und die Länge der Monate und des Jahres genau.Mit einem raffinierten Gerät, der Armillarsphäre, konnten die griechischen Astronomen die Zeiten des Sonnenaufgangs und des Sonnenuntergangs an jedem Tag des Jahres und an jedem Ort der Erde vorhersagen. Sie entwickelten ausgeklügelte mathematische Modelle, um die Bewegungen des Mars für Hunderte von Jahren in die Zukunft vorauszusagen.Finden Sie heraus, wie die antiken Beobachter diese bemerkenswerten Leistungen vollbrachten. Mit minimalem Einsatz von Mathematik zeichnet dieses Buch die Spuren unserer Vorfahren nach, erklärt ihre intellektuelle Reise in einfachen Worten und erforscht die philosophischen Bedeutungen dieser Entdeckungen.The Emergence of Organizations and Markets
Par John F. Padgett, Walter W. Powell. 2013
A dynamic framework for studying social emergenceThe social sciences have sophisticated models of choice and equilibrium but little understanding of…
the emergence of novelty. Where do new alternatives, new organizational forms, and new types of people come from? Combining biochemical insights about the origin of life with innovative and historically oriented social network analyses, John Padgett and Walter Powell develop a theory about the emergence of organizational, market, and biographical novelty from the coevolution of multiple social networks. They demonstrate that novelty arises from spillovers across intertwined networks in different domains. In the short run actors make relations, but in the long run relations make actors.This theory of novelty emerging from intersecting production and biographical flows is developed through formal deductive modeling and through a wide range of original historical case studies. Padgett and Powell build on the biochemical concept of autocatalysis—the chemical definition of life—and then extend this autocatalytic reasoning to social processes of production and communication. Padgett and Powell, along with other colleagues, analyze a very wide range of cases of emergence. They look at the emergence of organizational novelty in early capitalism and state formation; they examine the transformation of communism; and they analyze with detailed network data contemporary science-based capitalism: the biotechnology industry, regional high-tech clusters, and the open source community.This book presents a comprehensive overview of the sum rule approach to spectral analysis of orthogonal polynomials, which derives from…
Gábor Szego's classic 1915 theorem and its 1920 extension. Barry Simon emphasizes necessary and sufficient conditions, and provides mathematical background that until now has been available only in journals. Topics include background from the theory of meromorphic functions on hyperelliptic surfaces and the study of covering maps of the Riemann sphere with a finite number of slits removed. This allows for the first book-length treatment of orthogonal polynomials for measures supported on a finite number of intervals on the real line. In addition to the Szego and Killip-Simon theorems for orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle (OPUC) and orthogonal polynomials on the real line (OPRL), Simon covers Toda lattices, the moment problem, and Jacobi operators on the Bethe lattice. Recent work on applications of universality of the CD kernel to obtain detailed asymptotics on the fine structure of the zeros is also included. The book places special emphasis on OPRL, which makes it the essential companion volume to the author's earlier books on OPUC.Nature: An Economic History
Par Geerat Vermeij. 2004
From humans to hermit crabs to deep water plankton, all living things compete for locally limiting resources. This universal truth…
unites three bodies of thought--economics, evolution, and history--that have developed largely in mutual isolation. Here, Geerat Vermeij undertakes a groundbreaking and provocative exploration of the facts and theories of biology, economics, and geology to show how processes common to all economic systems--competition, cooperation, adaptation, and feedback--govern evolution as surely as they do the human economy, and how historical patterns in both human and nonhuman evolution follow from this principle. Using a wealth of examples of evolutionary innovations, Vermeij argues that evolution and economics are one. Powerful consumers and producers exercise disproportionate controls on the characteristics, activities, and distribution of all life forms. Competition-driven demand by consumers, when coupled with supply-side conditions permitting economic growth, leads to adaptation and escalation among organisms. Although disruptions in production halt or reverse these processes temporarily, they amplify escalation in the long run to produce trends in all economic systems toward greater power, higher production rates, and a wider reach for economic systems and their strongest members. Despite our unprecedented power to shape our surroundings, we humans are subject to all the economic principles and historical trends that emerged at life's origin more than 3 billion years ago. Engagingly written, brilliantly argued, and sweeping in scope, Nature: An Economic History shows that the human institutions most likely to preserve opportunity and adaptability are, after all, built like successful living things.How Did the First Stars and Galaxies Form? (Princeton Frontiers in Physics #1)
Par Abraham Loeb. 2010
A concise introduction to cosmology and how light first emerged in the universeThough astrophysicists have developed a theoretical framework for…
understanding how the first stars and galaxies formed, only now are we able to begin testing those theories with actual observations of the very distant, early universe. We are entering a new and exciting era of discovery that will advance the frontiers of knowledge, and this book couldn't be more timely. It covers all the basic concepts in cosmology, drawing on insights from an astronomer who has pioneered much of this research over the past two decades.Abraham Loeb starts from first principles, tracing the theoretical foundations of cosmology and carefully explaining the physics behind them. Topics include the gravitational growth of perturbations in an expanding universe, the abundance and properties of dark matter halos and galaxies, reionization, the observational methods used to detect the earliest galaxies and probe the diffuse gas between them—and much more.Cosmology seeks to solve the fundamental mystery of our cosmic origins. This book offers a succinct and accessible primer at a time when breathtaking technological advances promise a wealth of new observational data on the first stars and galaxies.Provides a concise introduction to cosmologyCovers all the basic conceptsGives an overview of the gravitational growth of perturbations in an expanding universeExplains the process of reionizationDescribes the observational methods used to detect the earliest galaxies