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Water in Ancient Mediterranean Households (Global Perspectives on Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology)
Par Rick Bonnie, Patrik Klingborg. 2024
This book provides the first detailed study of the water supply of households in antiquity. Chapters explore settings from Classical…
Greece to the Late Roman Empire across a wide variety of environments, from dry deserts and moderate Mediterranean zones to wet and temperate climates further north.The different case studies presented in each chapter are united by three intimately interconnected aspects. The first, rainwater harvesting in cisterns, provides detailed techno-hydraulic investigations of the household water supply systems. The second aspect, households and water at the margins, stresses how domestic water supply systems were successfully adapted to unusually harsh environmental conditions. The third, other waters for houses, focuses on other types of water supply systems (rivers, water-bearers, stepped pools, wells) and their life biographies. As shown by the different chapters, a careful study of a household’s water supply is a rich source of evidence for understanding everyday decisions, anxieties, and changes in life. They also build towards a greater understanding of the social inequalities that are at play in the ancient Mediterranean and beyond, providing a wealth of new research to greatly augment our understanding of water as a resource in the ancient Mediterranean.Providing a new and important perspective on a central part of everyday life in the ancient world, this book is aimed at archaeologists and historians of the ancient Mediterranean, notably the Greek and Roman worlds, especially those with an interest in ancient households and water culture.A United Europe of Things: Portable Material Culture across Medieval Europe (Themes in Contemporary Archaeology)
Par Jakub Sawicki, Michael Lewis, Mária Vargha. 2023
This volume studies high and late medieval material culture in a Pan-European context. The idea of ‘unity of culture’ in…
Medieval Latin Europe is well known in historical texts, especially when it concerns the so-called ‘Europe North of the Alps’. This book investigates the similarities and differences in material culture between areas, regions and political entities and opens the dialogue for a more interregional discussion. The editors acknowledge that there are numerous challenges in understanding the phenomenon the volume addresses, the fundamental one being defining (or even redefining) a common material culture of Europe. Important in determining this is greater appreciation of how objects reflect interactions between peoples, both local and foreign, which can be driven by a variety of factors, including trade, conflict and diplomacy etc. But just as important is observing the differences between ‘things’ across Europe, reflecting developments and transformations its cultural, social and economic history. These works are traditionally presented in isolation or at the local level, maybe even in very specialized tomes, as often it is thought their observation are not relevant to wider discourses. Conversely, what is clear, however, is that by interconnecting these seemingly introvert studies of specific artefact types or sites etc., readers can better appreciate the similarities and differences in material culture across Europe. This book is of interest to researchers in archaeology and material culture.Moon Japan: Plan Your Trip, Avoid the Crowds, and Experience the Real Japan (Travel Guide)
Par Jonathan DeHart. 2608
From the world's busiest intersection to the most serene hot springs, modernity and tradition mingle in Japan. Experience the natural…
wonder and rich culture of a country unlike any other with Moon Japan. Inside you'll find:Flexible itineraries including a two week 'Best of Japan' and a week in and around Tokyo The top sights and unique experiences: Wander the shrines and temples of Ueno-koen park and stop in Tokyo National Museum for world-renowned Japanese art. Learn about samurai heritage in Sanmachi Suji or zazen meditation at the Buddhist temples of Kyoto, and get an unforgettable lesson in 20th century history at Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park Outdoor adventures: Hike the trails of Mt. Fuji or the river-filled valley of Kamikochi and relax in a communal onsen hot spring. Ski or snowboard at a world-class resort, surf in the Pacific off the coast of Shikoku, or dive along the coral reefs of Okinawa The best local flavors: Feast on ramen or an elaborate spread of sushi, sample fresh seafood at the world's largest fish market in Tokyo, and drink your way through the famed beer scene in Sapporo Honest insight from American expat and longtime Tokyo local Jonathan DeHart Full-color, vibrant photos throughoutDetailed maps and useful tips for navigating public transportation Focused coverage of Tokyo, Mt. Fuji, Kanazawa, Kyoto, Kansai, Hiroshima and Miyajima, Okinawa, Tohoku and Hokkaido, Shikoku and Kyushu, and more Helpful resources on Covid-19 and traveling to Japan Thorough background information on the landscape, wildlife, history, government, and culture Handy tools including health and safety tips, customs and conduct, and information for LGBTQ, female, and senior travelers, as well as families and travelers with disabilities With Moon's practical advice and insider tips, you can experience the best of Japan. Just exploring the major cities? Check out Moon Tokyo, Kyoto & Hiroshima.About Moon Travel Guides: Moon was founded in 1973 to empower independent, active, and conscious travel. We prioritize local businesses, outdoor recreation, and traveling strategically and sustainably. Moon Travel Guides are written by local, expert authors with great stories to tell—and they can't wait to share their favorite places with you. For more inspiration, follow @moonguides on social media.Living Ruins: Native Engagements with Past Materialities in Contemporary Mesoamerica, Amazonia, and the Andes
Par Philippe Erikson, Valentina Vapnarsky. 2022
Ruins and remnants of the past are endowed with life, rather than mere relics handed down from previous generations. Living…
Ruins explores some of the ways Indigenous people relate to the material remains of human activity and provides an informed and critical stance that nuances and contests institutionalized patrimonialization discourse on vestiges of the past in present landscapes. Ten case studies from the Maya region, Amazonia, and the Andes detail and contextualize narratives, rituals, and a range of practices and attitudes toward different kinds of vestiges. The chapters engage with recently debated issues such as regimes of historicity and knowledge, cultural landscapes, conceptions of personhood and ancestrality, artifacts, and materiality. They focus on Indigenous perspectives rather than mainstream narratives such as those mediated by UNESCO, Hollywood, travel agents, and sometimes even academics. The contributions provide critical analyses alongside a multifaceted account of how people relate to the place/time nexus, expanding our understanding of different ontological conceptualizations of the past and their significance in the present. Living Ruins adds to the lively body of work on the invention of tradition, Indigenous claims on their lands and history, “retrospective ethnogenesis,” and neo-Indianism in a world where tourism, NGOs, and Western essentialism are changing Indigenous attitudes and representations. This book is significant to anyone interested in cultural heritage studies, Amerindian spirituality, and Indigenous engagement with archaeological sites in Latin America. Contributors: Cedric Becquey, Laurence Charlier Zeineddine, Marie Chosson, Pablo Cruz, Philippe Erikson, Antoinette Molinié, Fernando Santos-Granero, Emilie Stoll, Valentina Vapnarsky, Pirjo Kristiina VirtanenThe Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic in the Eastern Fertile Crescent: Revisiting the Hilly Flanks
Par Tobias Richter, Hojjat Darabi. 2024
This volume brings together the latest results and discussions from research carried out in the eastern Fertile Crescent, the so-called…
hilly flanks, and adjacent regions, as well as providing key historical perspectives on earlier fieldwork in the region. The emergence of sedentary food producing societies in southwest Asia ca. 10,000 years ago has been a key research focus for archaeologists since the 1930s. This book provides a balance to the weight of work undertaken in the western Fertile Crescent, namely the Levant and southern Anatolia. This preference has led to a heavy emphasis on these regions in discussions about where, when and how the transition from hunting and gathering to plant cultivation and animal domestication occurred. Chapters assess the role of the eastern Fertile Crescent as a key region in the Neolithization process in southwest Asia, highlighting the key and important contributions people in this region made to the emergence of sedentary farming societies.This book is primarily aimed at academics researching the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture in southwest Asia. It will also be of interest to archaeologists working on this transition in other parts of Eurasia.Conservation of Contemporary Art: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice (Studies in Art, Heritage, Law and the Market #9)
Par Renée van de Vall, Vivian Van Saaze. 2024
This open access book investigates whether and how theoretical findings and insights in contemporary art conservation can be translated into…
the daily work practices of conservators or, vice versa, whether and how the problems and dilemmas encountered in conservation practice can inform broader research questions and projects. For several decades now, the conservation of contemporary art has been a dynamic field of research and reflection. Because of contemporary art’s variable constitution, its care and management calls for a fundamental rethinking of the overall research landscape of museums, heritage institutions, private-sector organizations and universities. At first, this research was primarily pursued by conservation professionals working in or with museums and other heritage organizations, but increasingly academic researchers and universities became involved, for instance through collaborative projects. This book is the result of such collaboration. It sets out to bridge the “gap” between theory and practice by investigating conservation practices as a form of reflection and reflection as a form of practice.Time to Eat!
Par Vickie Lee. 2024
Sparse text and bright illustrations help readers learn the names of all of their favorite dishes in both English and…
Mandarin. From spare ribs to spring pea shoots there's something for everyone in this timeless story about dinner time.Violence and Inequality: An Archaeological History (Path to Open)
Par Thomas P. Leppard, Sarah C. Murray. 2023
Violence and Inequality explores the deep-time archaeological relationship between violence and inequality, focusing on prehistoric archaeology’s contribution to the understanding of…
the human dynamics among coercive force, aggression, and the state. Detailed archaeological case studies within a strong theoretical framework built from historical studies consider the role of coercive violence in trajectories toward complexity, how levels and types of violence can be traced alongside emerging wealth disparities, and the social role of violence. The assumption that violence and its threat buttressed elite social control is now challenged from various perspectives. This volume incorporates new models of the relationship between violence and social inequalities into the archaeology of social complexity, building more complicated and nuanced understandings of how different modes of social violence can militate different types of social constitution. Contributions from a variety of methodological angles—such as the bioarchaeology of health and trauma and radiogenic isotope studies and the aesthetics of violence—use a comparative perspective, drawing on data from the Southwestern US, Bronze Age China, early dynastic Egypt, ancient Mesopotamia, Roman Britain, and the Andes. Violence and Inequality offers an original and deep history of violence and inequality. Understanding the long-term intersection of violence and inequality and how they support or erode one another is of intrinsic importance, making this work significant to the study of archaeology, economic history, and collective action.DK Eyewitness Travel Guide China (Travel Guide)
Par Dk Eyewitness. 2018
DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: China reveals the magnificence of China's greatest sights, including in-depth coverage of the Forbidden City and…
Terracotta Soldiers. The guide provides expert tips for visiting the Great Wall, cruising through the stunning Yangzi Three Gorges, and exploring the ultra-modern cities of Shanghai and Hong Kong. Explore China's cultural heritage through richly illustrated features on everything from the Beijing Opera to Confucianism, calligraphy, and the cult of Mao. DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: China includes 3-D cutaway illustrations, floor plans, and reconstructions of the major architectural sights, plus maps of the key cities and towns. The best places to stay and eat have been provided by resident experts and recommendations on regional specialties will ensure you don't miss China's best dishes. Markets and festivals are listed town by town. With hundreds of full-color photographs, hand-drawn illustrations, and custom maps that brighten every page, DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: China shows you this diverse country as no one else can.DK Readers L3: Welcome to China (DK Readers Level 3)
Par Caryn Jenner. 2012
Adventurous young readers will get a whirlwind tour of the world's biggest country with this book about China, taking a…
look at its people, its landscape, its culture, and what the future holds. Read about the Great Wall, the Yangtze River, and more! Stunning photographs combine with lively illustrations and engaging, age-appropriate stories in DK Readers, a multilevel reading program guaranteed to capture children's interest while developing their reading skills and general knowledge. With DK Readers, children will learn to read—then read to learn!DK Eyewitness Top 10 Phuket (Pocket Travel Guide)
Par Dk Eyewitness. 2022
With hot spots such as lively Phuket Town and the sprawling Patong beach resort, this guide allows you to discover…
the best of everything Thailand's biggest island has to offer. Five easy-to-follow itineraries explore the city's most interesting areas—from beautiful karst islands to idyllic bays—while reviews of the best hotels, restaurants, and nightlife in Phuket help you plan your perfect trip.True to its name, DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Top 10 Phuket covers all the major sights and attractions in easy-to-use "top 10" lists that help you plan the vacation that's right for you. • Itineraries help you plan your trip. • Top 10 lists feature off-the-beaten-track ideas, along with standbys like the top attractions, shopping, dining options, and more. • Comprehensive laminated pull-out map includes color-coded design, public transportation maps, and street indexes. • Maps of walking routes show you the best ways to maximize your time. • Additional maps marked with sights from the guidebook are shown on inside cover flaps, with selected street index and metro map. The perfect pocket-size travel companion: DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Top 10 Phuket.Series Overview: DK Eyewitness Travel Guide Top 10 are handy travel guides that take the work out of planning a trip. Packed with amazing ideas, informative maps, insider tips, and useful advice, DK's Top 10 guides lead you to the very best your destination has to offer. The pocket size make these the perfect guide to take on vacation. Discover the history, art, architecture, and culture of your destination through Top 10 lists, from the best museums, bars, and sights to the places to avoid.Tokyo Like a Local: By the People Who Call It Home (Local Travel Guide)
Par Dk Eyewitness, Kaila Imada, Lucy Dayman. 2023
Keen to explore a different side of Tokyo? Like a Local is the book for you.This isn&’t your ordinary travel…
guide. You won&’t find the Tokyo Tower and the Imperial Palace, in these pages, because that&’s not where Tokyoites hang out. Instead, you&’ll meet the locals in iconic anime shops, modern art galleries, or whilst paddle boring along the scenic Okutama River - and that&’s where this book takes you. Turn the pages to discover: The small businesses and community strongholds that add character to this vibrant city, recommended by true locals.6 themed walking tours dedicated to specific experiences such as vintage shopping and manicured gardens.A beautiful gift book for anyone seeking to explore Tokyo.Helpful &‘what3word&’ addresses, so you can pinpoint all the listed sights.Compiled by two proud locals and revised and updated for 2023, this stylish travel guide is packed with Tokyo&’s best experiences and secret spots, handily categorized to suit your mood and needs.Whether you&’re a restless Tokyoite on the hunt for a new hangout, or a visitor keen to discover a side you won&’t find in traditional guidebooks, Tokyo Like A Local will give you all the inspiration you need. About Like A Local:These giftable and collectable guides from DK Eyewitness are compiled exclusively by locals. Whether they&’re born-and-bred or moved to study and never looked back, our experts shine a light on what it means to be a local: pride for their city, community spirit and local expertise. Like a Local will inspire readers to celebrate the secret as well as the iconic – just like the locals who call the city home. Looking for another guide to Tokyo? Explore further with our DK Eyewitness or Top 10 guides to Tokyo.DK Eyewitness Malaysia and Singapore (Travel Guide)
Par Dk Eyewitness. 2023
DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Malaysia and Singapore is your in-depth guide to the very best of this region.Whether you want…
to discover the best places to spot colorful fish and jungle-dwelling animals like orangutans, or are looking to sample the incredible food in the ultra-modern metropolises of Kuala Lumpur and Singapore, this region offers an astounding range of experiences.Discover DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Malaysia and Singapore • Detailed itineraries and "don't-miss" destination highlights at a glance. • Illustrated cutaway 3-D drawings of important sights. • Floor plans and guided visitor information for major museums. • Guided walking tours, local drink and dining specialties to try, things to do, and places to eat, drink, and shop by area. • Area maps marked with sights and restaurants. • Detailed city map of Singapore includes street finder index for easy navigation. • Insights into history and culture to help you understand the stories behind the sights. • Suggested day trips and itineraries to explore beyond the city of Singapore. • Hotel and restaurant listings highlight DK Choice special recommendations. With hundreds of full-color photographs, hand-drawn illustrations, and custom maps that illuminate every page, DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Malaysia and Singapore truly shows you this region as no one else can.Recommended: For a pocket guidebook to Singapore, check out DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Top 10 Singapore, which is packed with dozens of top 10 lists, ensuring you make the most of your time in the city.Series Overview: For more than two decades, DK Eyewitness Travel Guides have helped travelers experience the world through the history, art, architecture, and culture of their destinations. Expert travel writers and researchers provide independent editorial advice, recommendations, and reviews. With guidebooks to hundreds of places around the globe available in print and digital formats, DK Eyewitness Travel Guides show travelers how they can discover more.DK Eyewitness Travel Guides: the most maps, photographs, and illustrations of any guide.Embark on an unforgettable time-travelling journey through Chinese history.This beautifully illustrated children's history book spans 2,500 years and more than…
a thousand miles along China's Grand Canal. With stunning, panoramic illustrations and lively, engaging text, China Through Time brings key periods and turning points in the canal's history to life. Cutaway views show the inside of buildings and introduce children to important places, characters, and events - from humble workers to mighty emperors, and from floods and wars to life in bustling ports and modern cities.Children will also love searching for the mischievous time-travelling cat, Lihua, who appears in each of the artworks.Perfect for parents and children to pore over together, China Through Time makes a gorgeous gift or collector's item. Fun, interactive, and packed with details, it vividly presents Chinese history to children as they have never seen it before.DK Eyewitness India (Travel Guide)
Par Dk Eyewitness. 2023
Explore this vast and beguiling country, from peaceful Darjeeling and vibrant Kolkata to Kanha National Park and its tigers, the…
idyllic Kerala backwaters, and the majestic Taj Mahal.Discover DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: India. • Hotel and restaurant listings and recommendations. • Detailed itineraries and "don't miss" destination highlights at a glance. • Illustrated cutaway 3-D drawings of important sights. • Floor plans and guided visitor information for major museums. • Guided walking tours, local drink and dining specialties to try, things to do, and places to eat, drink, and shop by area. • Area maps marked with sights. • Insights into history and culture to help you understand the stories behind the sights. With hundreds of full-color photographs, hand-drawn illustrations, and custom maps that illuminate every page, DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: India truly shows you India as no one else can.Series Overview: For more than two decades, DK Eyewitness Travel Guides have helped travelers experience the world through the history, art, architecture, and culture of their destinations. Expert travel writers and researchers provide independent editorial advice, recommendations, and reviews. With guidebooks to hundreds of places around the globe available in print and digital formats, DK Eyewitness Travel Guides show travelers how they can discover more.DK Eyewitness Delhi, Agra and Jaipur (Travel Guide)
Par Dk Eyewitness. 2023
DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Delhi, Agra & Jaipur is your in-depth guide to the very best of this region of…
India. Explore the must-see sights, from Humayun's Tomb to the world-famous Taj Mahal. Learn about the great pantheon of Hindu gods. Experience the local wildlife, temples, bazaars, museums and attractions. Whether in the bustling center of Delhi or the dusty, provincial town of Alwar, you will find something to fascinate you in this region, which encompasses both old and new.Discover DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Delhi, Agra & Jaipur: • Detailed itineraries and "don't-miss" destination highlights at a glance. • Illustrated cutaway 3-D drawings of important sights. • Floor plans and guided visitor information for major museums. • Free, color pull-out map (print edition) of Delhi marked with sights, a selected sight and street index, public transit map, practical information on getting around, and a distance chart for measuring walking distances . • Guided walking tours, local drink and dining specialties to try, things to do, and places to eat, drink, and shop by area. • Area maps marked with sights . • Insights into history and culture to help you understand the stories behind the sights. • Hotel and restaurant listings highlight DK Choice special recommendations. With hundreds of full-color photographs, hand-drawn illustrations, and custom maps that illuminate every page, DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Delhi, Agra & Jaipur truly shows you this region as no one else can.Realizing Value in Mesoamerica: The Dynamics of Desire and Demand in Ancient Economies (Palgrave Studies in Ancient Economies)
Par Scott R. Hutson, Charles Golden. 2023
This edited collection addresses concepts of value and its impact on economies and economic decision-making in Mesoamerica. It brings together…
various theoretical and methodological approaches to illuminate the little-studied topic of value in ancient economies.While scholars increasingly note that tangible objects found in the archaeological record could assume different values, depending on how they were used and circulated, less attention has been paid to how we might infer consensus (or lack of consensus) on how value was determined in past cultures so different from contemporary ones. These contributions show how multiple and conflicting understandings of what is important and meaningful coexist within any society even as moments of exchange create the impression of shared formulations of value. They consider divergences between shared understandings based on systems of beliefs and patterns of practice and the individual decisions of social actors. They also discuss how inequalities in social structures might inform our understanding of value, and how a multiplicity of values might encourage closer inspection of inequality in turn.The book brings together fifteen chapters focused on many parts of Mesoamerica, including Western Mexico, the Basin of Mexico, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and various parts of the Maya Lowlands, and range chronologically from the Classic period (250-900 CE) to the Spanish Conquest in the early 16th Century. It appeals to those working in archaeology, economic anthropology, economic history, and all those interested in how value can be understood in terms of contemporary cultural and political differences.Broken Bodies, Places and Objects: New Perspectives on Fragmentation in Archaeology
Par Anna Sörman, Astrid A. Noterman, Markus Fjellström. 2024
Broken Bodies, Places and Objects demonstrates the breadth of fragmentation and fragment use in prehistory and history and provides an…
up-to-date insight into current archaeological thinking around the topic.A seal broken and shared by two trade parties, dog jaws accompanying the dead in Mesolithic burials, fragments of ancient warships commodified as souvenirs, parts of an ancient dynastic throne split up between different colonial collections… Pieces of the past are everywhere around us. Fragments have a special potential precisely because of their incomplete format – as a new matter that can reference its original whole but can also live on with new, unrelated meanings. Deliberate breakage of bodies, places and objects for the use of fragments has been attested from all time periods in the past. It has now been over 20 years since John Chapman’s major publication introducing fragmentation studies, and the topic is more present than ever in archaeology. This volume offers the first European-wide review of the concept of fragmentation, collecting case studies from the Neolithic to Modernity and extending the ideas of fragmentation theory in new directions.The book is written for scholars and students in archaeology, but it is also relevant for neighbouring fields with an interest in material culture, such as anthropology, history, cultural heritage studies, museology, art and architecture.DK Eyewitness Top 10 Goa (Pocket Travel Guide)
Par Dk Eyewitness. 2019
Idyllic, exotic and unspoiled - with its palm-fringed beaches, stunning sunsets, sleepy fishing villages, mouthwatering cuisine and historic Baroque churches,…
Goa truly is a tropical paradise. Your DK Eyewitness Top 10 travel guide ensures you'll find your way around Goa with absolute ease.Our newly updated Top 10 travel guide breaks down the best of Goa into helpful lists of ten - from our own selected highlights to the best beaches, places to eat, shops and festivals.You'll discover:• Six easy-to-follow itineraries, perfect for a day-trip, a weekend, or a week• Detailed Top 10 lists of Goa's must-sees, including detailed descriptions of Candolim, Vagator and Anjuna, Calangute and Baga, Ashvem, Panaji, Old Goa, Ponda, Molem, Margao and Palolem and Agonda• Goa's most interesting areas, with the best places for shopping, going out, and sightseeing• Inspiration for different things to enjoy during your trip - including children's attractions and things to do for free• A laminated pull-out map of Goa, plus four color area maps• Street-smart advice: get ready, get around, and stay safe• A lightweight format perfect for your pocket or bag when you're on the moveLooking for more on Goa's culture, history and attractions? Try our DK Eyewitness India.Help your child power up their reading skills and learn all about the people who have dedicated their lives to…
finding out about dinosaurs with this fun-filled nonfiction reader carefully leveled to help children progress.DK Super Readers Level 4: Dinosaur Detectives will introduce kids to everything they need to know about investigating dinosaurs–including who unlocked the secrets of fossils, how dinosaurs became extinct, and the modern-day scientific equipment used in the quest to understand these incredible animals–and is a motivating introduction to using essential nonfiction reading skills, proving ideal for children ready to enter the riveting world of reading. DK Super Readers take children on a journey through the wonderful world of nonfiction: traveling back to the time of dinosaurs, learning more about animals, exploring natural wonders and more, all while developing vital nonfiction reading skills and progressing from first words to reading confidently. The DK Super Readers series can help your child practice reading by:- Covering engaging, motivating, curriculum-aligned topics.- Building knowledge while progressing key Grades 4 and 5 reading skills.- Developing subject vocabulary on topics such as dinosaurs, fossils, and science.- Boosting understanding and retention through comprehension quizzes.Each title, which has been leveled using MetaMetrics®: The Lexile Framework for Reading, integrates science, geography, history, and nature topics so there&’s something for all children&’s interests. The books and online content perfectly supplement core literacy programs and are mapped to the Common Core Standards. Children will love powering up their nonfiction reading skills and becoming reading heroes. DK Super Readers Level 4 titles are visually engaging, full of fun facts, and challenge young readers to broaden their subject knowledge while practising nonfiction reading skills. Perfect for children ages 9 to 11 (Grades 4 and 5) who are confident readers ready for a challenge.