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The banking and financial sector has expanded dramatically in the last forty years, and the consequences of this accelerated growth…
have been felt by people around the world. European Banks and the Rise of International Finance examines the historical origins of the financialised world we live in by analysing the transformations in world finance which occurred in the decade from the first oil crisis of 1973, until the debt crisis of 1982. This a crucial and formative decade for understanding the modern financial landscape, but it is still mostly unexplored in economic and financial history. The availability of new archival evidence has allowed for the re-examination of issues such as the progressive privatisation of international financial flows to Less Developed Countries, especially in Latin America and South-East Asia, and its impact on the expansion of the European banking sector, and for the development of an invaluable financial and political history. This book is well suited for those interested in monetary economics and economic history, as well as those studying international political economy, banking history and Financial history.Science, Religion and Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Controversy
Par Gary Laderman, Arri Eisen. 2010
This unique encyclopedia explores the historical and contemporary controversies between science and religion. It is designed to offer multicultural and…
multi-religious views, and provide wide-ranging perspectives. "Science, Religion, and Society" covers all aspects of the religion and science dichotomy, from humanities to social sciences to natural sciences, and includes articles by theologians, religion scholars, physicians, scientists, historians, and psychologists, among others. The first section, General Overviews, contains essays that provide a road map for exploring the major challenges and questions in science and religion. Following this, the Historical Perspectives section grounds these major questions in the past, and demonstrates how they have developed into the six broad areas of contemporary research and discussion that follow. These sections - Creation, the Cosmos, and Origins of the Universe; Ecology, Evolution, and the Natural World; Consciousness, Mind, and the Brain; Healers and Healing; Dying and Death; and Genetics and Religion - organize the questions and research that are the foundation of the enormous interest, and controversy, in science and religion today.Full Employment in a Free Society: A Report (The Works of William H. Beveridge)
Par William Beveridge. 1960
Beveridge defined full employment as a state where there are slightly more vacant jobs than there are available workers, or…
not more than 3% of the total workforce. This book discusses how this goal might be achieved, beginning with the thesis that because individual employers are not capable of creating full employment, it must be the responsibility of the state. Beveridge claimed that the upward pressure on wages, due to the increased bargaining strength of labour, would be eased by rising productivity, and kept in check by a system of wage arbitration. The cooperation of workers would be secured by the common interest in the ideal of full employment. Alternative measures for achieving full employment included Keynesian-style fiscal regulation, direct control of manpower, and state control of the means of production. The impetus behind Beveridge's thinking was social justice and the creation of an ideal new society after the war. The book was written in the context of an economy which would have to transfer from wartime direction to peace time. It was then updated in 1960, following a decade where the average unemployment rate in Britain was in fact nearly 1.5%.Can It Happen Again?: Essays on Instability and Finance (Routledge Classics)
Par Hyman Minsky. 2016
In the winter of 1933, the American financial and economic system collapsed. Since then economists, policy makers and financial analysts…
throughout the world have been haunted by the question of whether "It" can happen again. In 2008 "It" very nearly happened again as banks and mortgage lenders in the USA and beyond collapsed. The disaster sent economists, bankers and policy makers back to the ideas of Hyman Minsky – whose celebrated 'Financial Instability Hypothesis' is widely regarded as predicting the crash of 2008 – and led Wall Street and beyond as to dub it as the 'Minsky Moment'. In this book Minsky presents some of his most important economic theories. He defines "It", determines whether or not "It" can happen again, and attempts to understand why, at the time of writing in the early 1980s, "It" had not happened again. He deals with microeconomic theory, the evolution of monetary institutions, and Federal Reserve policy. Minsky argues that any economic theory which separates what economists call the 'real' economy from the financial system is bound to fail. Whilst the processes that cause financial instability are an inescapable part of the capitalist economy, Minsky also argues that financial instability need not lead to a great depression. This Routledge Classics edition includes a new foreword by Jan Toporowski.A new era is emerging in which a group of quantitative methods featuring characteristics of multidimensional comparative analysis (MCA) and…
multi-criteria decision-making analysis (MCDA) can be used to automate objective decision-making processes. This book introduces the character of the criteria (desirable, non-desirable, motivating, demotivating, and neutral) to MCDA and MCA methods. It presents the author’s own developed methods, the preference vector method (PVM), for solving multi-criteria problems in decision making; and, vector measure construction method (VMCM), which is dedicated to solving typical problems in the field of multidimensional comparative analysis. All methods are explained step by step with relevant examples, primarily in the fields of economics and management.Einführung in die Energiewirtschaft: Ressourcen und Märkte
Par Hans-Wilhelm Schiffer. 2023
Studierende und interessierte Leser/innen erhalten eine Einführung in die Mechanismen der Energiewirtschaft. Dies beginnt mit den Rohstoffressourcen, deren Verfügbarkeit und…
der Preisbildung. Szenarien der weltweiten Energieversorgung führen zu nationalen Betrachtungen der Märkte für Öl, Erdgas, Braunkohle, Steinkohle sowie Elektrizität und der wachsenden Bedeutung erneuerbarer Energien. Zahlreiche Grafiken und Schaubilder veranschaulichen die Zusammenhänge und Wirkungen. Besonderheiten, bemerkenswerte Sachverhalte oder aus der Sicht der Praxis besonders relevante Fragestellungen sind im Text besonders gekennzeichnet. Der Autor bringt eine umfangreiche Praxiserfahrung mit, die er in dieses Buch einfließen lässt.This book examines green transition and circular economy in the fields of building design and Real Estate management. By outlining…
windows for seizing the opportunity to integrate circular approaches in current building practices, the book provides information tools to support building stakeholders (e.g. building designer and managers, manufacturers, Real Estate owners, maintenance operators, facility managers, etc.) in: (i) understanding circular re-strategies (e.g. reuse, remanufacturing, repurposing, etc.), the related requirements and the pre-conditions for their implementation within building design and management practices; (ii) reviewing design approaches at the product and building scale, also highlighting new circularity-related contents for the Briefing Documents; (iii) developing circular organizational and contract models for the procurement of Facility Management services, also integrating new circularity-related contents in Invitations to Tenders (ITTs); and (iv) assessing the quality and the effectiveness of circular practices, also highlighting circularity performance metrics and indicators in the context of corporate sustainability reporting.The Physics of Wall Street: A Brief History of Predicting the Unpredictable
Par James Weatherall. 2013
A look inside the world of &“quants&” and how science can (and can&’t) predict financial markets: &“Entertaining and enlightening&” (The…
New York Times). After the economic meltdown of 2008, Warren Buffett famously warned, &“beware of geeks bearing formulas.&” But while many of the mathematicians and software engineers on Wall Street failed when their abstractions turned ugly in practice, a special breed of physicists has a much deeper history of revolutionizing finance. Taking us from fin-de-siècle Paris to Rat Pack–era Las Vegas, from wartime government labs to Yippie communes on the Pacific coast, James Owen Weatherall shows how physicists successfully brought their science to bear on some of the thorniest problems in economics, from options pricing to bubbles. The crisis was partly a failure of mathematical modeling. But even more, it was a failure of some very sophisticated financial institutions to think like physicists. Models—whether in science or finance—have limitations; they break down under certain conditions. And in 2008, sophisticated models fell into the hands of people who didn&’t understand their purpose, and didn&’t care. It was a catastrophic misuse of science. The solution, however, is not to give up on models; it&’s to make them better. This book reveals the people and ideas on the cusp of a new era in finance, from a geophysicist using a model designed for earthquakes to predict a massive stock market crash to a physicist-run hedge fund earning 2,478.6% over the course of the 1990s. Weatherall shows how an obscure idea from quantum theory might soon be used to create a far more accurate Consumer Price Index. The Physics of Wall Street will change how we think about our economic future. &“Fascinating history . . . Happily, the author has a gift for making complex concepts clear to lay readers.&” —BooklistThe Routledge Handbook of Commodification (Routledge International Handbooks)
Par Bertrand Elodie. 2023
Some goods are freely traded as commodities without question or controversy. For other goods, their commodification – their being made…
available in exchange for money, or their being subject to market valuation and exchange – is hotly contested. “Contested” commodities range from labour and land, to votes, healthcare, and education, to human organs, gametes, and intimate services, to parks and emissions. But in the context of a market economy, what distinguishes these goods as non-commodifiable, or what defines them as contestable commodities? And why should their status as such justify restricting the market choices of rationally consenting parties to otherwise voluntary exchanges? This volume draws together wide-ranging, interdisciplinary research on the legitimate scope of markets and the kinds of goods that should be exempt therefrom. In bringing diverse answers to this question together for the first time, it finally identifies commodification studies as a unique field of scholarly research in its own right. In so doing, it fosters interdisciplinary dialogue, advances scholarship, and enhances education in this controversial, important, and growing field of research. Contemporary theorists who examine this question do so from across the disciplinary spectrum and ground their answers in diverse scholarly literature and divergent methodological approaches. Their arguments will be of interest to scholars and students of philosophy, economics, law, political science, sociology, policy, feminist theory, and ecology, among others. The contributors to this volume take diverse and divergent positions on the benefits of markets in general and on the possible harms of specific contested markets in particular. While some favour free markets and others regulation or prohibition, and while some engage in more normative and others in more empirical analysis, the contributors all advance nuanced and thoughtful arguments that engage deeply with the complex set of moral and empirical questions at the heart of commodification studies. This volume collects their new and provocative work together for the first time.Critical Game Theory: Humanistic and Radical Alternatives to the Mainstream
Par Wayne Eastman. 2024
The models in mainstream game theory generally assume that actors act according to a single, consistent utility function. Empirical studies,…
common sense, and humanistic wisdom all suggest that that assumption is too simple. This book starts with an assumption that actors are controlled by diverse, inconsistent forces and demonstrates that introducing this level of complexity allows for the creation of a wide array of critical game theory models that can help to attain new insights into nature, human nature, human institutions, and human behaviour. Along with a review of existing critical game theory, the book will focus on surfacing and explaining an array of potential critical game theory approaches (including Leftist/Neo-Marxist, Empirical, Entropic, Four Temperaments, and Neurodivergence). As a rule, these models will not be mathematically tractable—but the more complex accounts of interactions that they suggest will often be truer to life, more resonant in humanistic terms, and more compelling as bases for action and for change than mainstream models are. For each chapter, the first part will present a story or case, followed by discussions and explanations couched in nontechnical terms, without the use of matrices. In the third part of each chapter, matrices along with game trees and programs will be used before the last part summarizes the findings. The vision of critical game theory advanced in the book will be of significant interest to researchers in an array of theoretical and applied disciplines, including but not limited to literature, psychology, political science, economics, computer science, ethics, business ethics, law, and law and economics.Heterodox Economics and Global Emergencies: Voices from Around the World (Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy)
Par Eurydice Fotopoulou, Ariane Agunsoye, Thoralf Dassler, Jon Mulberg. 2024
From the financial crash to the climate emergency and Covid, this book demonstrates that recent crises have had unequal impacts,…
that they require a heterodox approach to economics for their understanding, and new ways of thinking are needed to address them. Drawing on a variety of heterodox and radical perspectives and global voices, including those from India, Africa, and South America, this collection explores the causes and impacts of global emergencies from a wide array of viewpoints. The first section outlines how the pandemic has shown up the biases of orthodox thought and policy, particularly its Eurocentric and patriarchal focus on the urban, formal economy. It outlines how adding an international dimension to institutional analysis uncovers systematic inequalities in the responses to emergencies, and how new paradigms can provide better alternatives. The massive interventionism worldwide has led to renewed interest in the global financial system, and also in Marxian approaches to money. The second section of the book therefore considers a range of alternative approaches to the study of finance – from Marx to Minsky – which are currently being revisited. The collection concludes with a suggestion for heterodox economics pedagogy, since changing economics education is vital for future dissemination of real-world ideas. The book will be of interest to a variety of researchers and postgraduate students, and lecturers, especially in the fields of development, health, labour and feminist economics, also international political economy and heterodox economics.This book sheds new light on the general equilibrium theory of Léon Walras (1834–1910) from a historical perspective. Walras's construction…
of general equilibrium theory marked the dawn of modern economics, and the theory was greatly developed in the 20th century. However, Walras's own intentions and ideas behind the theory are still not fully understood. This book aims to clarify the intellectual background of Walras’s economics by delving into his original writings, which have not received much attention until now. Part 1 of the book reconsiders the relationship between Walras and his predecessors, Adam Smith (1723–1790), Jean-Baptiste Say (1767–1832), and Achylle Nicolas Isnard (1749–1803), who are believed to have had a decisive influence on Walras's general equilibrium theory. In Part 2, the book explores Walras's views on the labor market, entrepreneurship, and non-selfish human nature, including concepts like sympathy, which have been overlooked in his general equilibrium theory and subsequently misunderstood to this day. Walras’s economic thought is one of the foundational sources of modern economics. An accurate and in-depth understanding of it will provide a new perspective on the problems faced by modern economics and open future possibilities for economics as a social science. This book offers new insights not only to researchers and students of the history of economics but also to all those interested in the origins of modern economics.Providing a comparative analysis of Central and Eastern European economies, this book explores the economic impacts of populism in those…
countries in the region which have seen some form of populist rule. Populism has been thriving in the new member states of the EU ever since the outburst of the global financial and economic crisis, but unlike the cases of Latin America, Brexit or the Trump administration, the emphasis has not been on trade protectionism or unsustainable macroeconomic policies in these countries. This book demonstrates that studying macroeconomic variables such as fiscal balance or current account positions cannot tell the whole story of the economic consequences of populism. Instead, a more nuanced scrutiny of who gets what under populist rule is required. Adopting the ideational definition of populism, the volume shows that Central and Eastern European populists have heavily reshaped redistributive policies; yet, they have not neglected the budget constraint of the general government. Instead, there has been a tendency to disregard the institutional constraints of decision-making in the economy and, in turn, to redefine the regulatory framework and property rights structure of the respective economies. This innovative edited volume will be of interest to readers in political economy and political science who wish to better understand the impacts of populism.In the era of complex healthcare challenges, the question arises: Can health cooperatives be the catalysts for transformation in the…
healthcare system? This research monograph delves into this thought-provoking query, exploring the potential of health cooperatives as influential entities in the future of healthcare. Despite advancements, healthcare systems still need help with sustainability, equality, costly therapies and various other segments. This monograph aims to dissect the notion of "Healthy lives and well-being for everyone," protracted by policymakers and proponents of the existing healthcare setup. Researchers, cooperative professionals, healthcare practitioners, decision-makers, patients, policy developers, librarians and booksellers will find this book relevant and interesting to read. The captivating narrative is supported by analysing 20 countries across five continents, explaining their historical and modern notion of the context and health cooperatives' development. It also sheds light on the significance of modern cooperatives in the current healthcare landscape. In addition, the monograph offers insights into multiple case studies of health-oriented cooperatives showing their diversity and flexibility in operations. This research monograph paves the way for envisioning a future where health cooperatives have the potential to play an important role in addressing various challenges affecting positive societal changes.Introduction to Stochastic Processes Using R
Par Shailaja Deshmukh, Sivaprasad Madhira. 2023
This textbook presents some basic stochastic processes, mainly Markov processes. It begins with a brief introduction to the framework of…
stochastic processes followed by the thorough discussion on Markov chains, which is the simplest and the most important class of stochastic processes. The book then elaborates the theory of Markov chains in detail including classification of states, the first passage distribution, the concept of periodicity and the limiting behaviour of a Markov chain in terms of associated stationary and long run distributions. The book first illustrates the theory for some typical Markov chains, such as random walk, gambler's ruin problem, Ehrenfest model and Bienayme-Galton-Watson branching process; and then extends the discussion when time parameter is continuous. It presents some important examples of a continuous time Markov chain, which include Poisson process, birth process, death process, birth and death processes and their variations. These processes play a fundamental role in the theory and applications in queuing and inventory models, population growth, epidemiology and engineering systems. The book studies in detail the Poisson process, which is the most frequently applied stochastic process in a variety of fields, with its extension to a renewal process. The book also presents important basic concepts on Brownian motion process, a stochastic process of historic importance. It covers its few extensions and variations, such as Brownian bridge, geometric Brownian motion process, which have applications in finance, stock markets, inventory etc. The book is designed primarily to serve as a textbook for a one semester introductory course in stochastic processes, in a post-graduate program, such as Statistics, Mathematics, Data Science and Finance. It can also be used for relevant courses in other disciplines. Additionally, it provides sufficient background material for studying inference in stochastic processes. The book thus fulfils the need of a concise but clear and student-friendly introduction to various types of stochastic processes.Workbook for Microeconomics: Exercises and Solutions (Springer Texts in Business and Economics)
Par Krzysztof Malaga, Karolina Sobczak-Marcinkowska. 2023
Enhance your understanding of Microeconomics with this comprehensive companion workbook to the textbook "Microeconomics: Static and Dynamic Analysis." Immerse yourself…
in a wide range of exercises covering fundamental microeconomic concepts, intricate mathematical problems, and captivating case study scenarios. Each chapter provides meticulously crafted solutions and answers, enabling you to reinforce your knowledge and sharpen your analytical skills. Additionally, the workbook offers downloadable electronic supplementary materials including Excel and MATLAB files, empowering you to derive solutions and delve deeper into the subject matter. Designed for both instructors and students, this workbook is an invaluable resource for mastering the analytical and mathematical tools essential to the field of economics.Fostering Local Entrepreneurship in a Multinational Enterprise (Routledge Frontiers of Business Management)
Par Joe Amberg, Sara McGaughey. 2017
Corporate entrepreneurship involves new business creation within established companies, the strategic renewal of existing business, and, ultimately, the search for…
sustainable competitive advantage in an increasingly globalised economy. Yet it remains elusive for many firms. In a collaboration between a practitioner and academic, Joe J. Amberg and Sara L. McGaughey explore corporate entrepreneuring within a large conglomerate multinational enterprise: Siemens AG. In early 2009, following a prolonged period of business stagnation and a huge bribery scandal, Siemens’ top management identified a severe lack of entrepreneurship as a critical issue. The strengthening of ‘local entrepreneurship’ became a new priority in the strategic planning for 2010 to 2014. By examining three contrasting ventures in the Siemens business unit Fire Safety between 2008 and 2012, the authors identify key drivers and impediments that sustain inertia in corporate entrepreneuring within this global organisation. This study offers an insightful contribution to our growing – yet still fledgling – understanding of corporate entrepreneurship in global corporations, highlighting the importance of context, interdependencies between critical factors, and the false promise of universal best practice.Of Poverty and Wealth: Eric Hobsbawm, Barry Supple and Gareth Stedman Jones (Creative Lives and Works)
Par Alan Macfarlane. 2022
Of Poverty and Wealth: Eric Hobsbawm, Barry Supple and Gareth Stedman Jones is a collection of interviews that is being…
published as a book for the first time. These interviews have been conducted by one of England’s leading social anthropologists and historians, Professor Alan Macfarlane. Filmed over a period of several years, the three conversations in this volume are part of the series Creative Lives and Works. These transcriptions form a part of a larger set of interviews that cut across various disciplines, from the social sciences and the sciences to the performing and visual arts. The current volume is on three pre-eminent economic historians. There are many factors that lead to the rise and fall of power, in which wealth, trade and commerce, play a vital role. In this collection, Eric Hobsbawm takes us through the fundamental and broader concepts of economic history, while Barry Supple and Gareth Stedman Jones bring in the more focussed and often less discussed aspects of this branch of history. Through these engaging conversations one gets a better understanding of poverty and wealth in the context of history. The book will be of enormous value not just to those interested in the subject of Economics History and Comparative Studies but also to the uninitiated because of the lucidity which conversations bring to even otherwise opaque discussions. Please note: This title is co-published with Social Science Press, New Delhi. Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.The Economics and Politics of European Integration offers a comprehensive history of European integration, from the conceptualization of a United…
States of Europe, to the present day. The special role of the United States in this process of integration, and the expansion and evolution of the European Union, is critically analyzed. The book also thoroughly discusses the current view of the EU and the complex crises emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic. While the book focuses primarily on Europe, the role of other countries is also examined. The rise of hostile enemies from Turkey, Russia, the US and China is explored, and the history and outcome of Brexit also receives unique focus. Maps are used throughout to clearly depict the enlargement process. This illuminating text will be valuable reading for students and researchers across international economics, economic history, political economy and European studies.The History of Actuarial Science IX
Par Steven Haberman. 1996
A book which covers the key period in the history of actuarial science from the mid-17th century to the early…
19th century. There are reprints of the most important treatises, pamphlets, tables and writings which trace the development of the actuarial industry.