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Magnetics, Dielectrics, and Wave Propagation with MATLAB® Codes
Par Carmine Vittoria. 2024
Future microwave, wireless communication systems, computer chip designs, and sensor systems will require miniature fabrication processes in the order of…
nanometers or less as well as the fusion of various material technologies to produce composites consisting of many different materials. This requires distinctly multidisciplinary collaborations, implying that specialized approaches will not be able to address future world markets in communication, computer, and electronic miniaturized products. Anticipating that many students lack specialized simultaneous training in magnetism and magnetics, as well as in other material technologies, Magnetics, Dielectrics, and Wave Propagation with MATLABR Codes avoids application-specific descriptions, opting for a general point of view of materials per se. Specifically, this book develops a general theory to show how a magnetic system of spins is coupled to acoustic motions, magnetoelectric systems, and superconductors. Phenomenological approaches are connected to atomic-scale formulations that reduce complex calculations to essential forms and address basic interactions at any scale of dimensionalities. With simple and clear coverage of everything from first principles to calculation tools, the book revisits fundamentals that govern magnetic, acoustic, superconducting, and magnetoelectric motions at the atomic and macroscopic scales, including superlattices. Constitutive equations in Maxwell’s equations are introduced via general free energy expressions which include magnetic parameters as well as acoustic, magnetoelectric, semiconductor, and superconducting parameters derived from first principles. More importantly, this book facilitates the derivation of these parameters, as the dimensionality of materials is reduced toward the microscopic scale, thus introducing new concepts. The deposition of ferrite films at the atomic scale complements the approach toward the understanding of the physics of miniaturized composites. Thus, a systematic formalism of deriving the permeability or the magnetoelectric coupling tensors from first principles, rather than from an ad hoc approach, bridges the gap between microscopic and macroscopic principles as applied to wave propagation and other applications.Machine Learning for Astrophysics: Proceedings of the ML4Astro International Conference 30 May - 1 Jun 2022 (Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings #60)
Par Filomena Bufano, Simone Riggi, Eva Sciacca, Francesco Schilliro. 2023
This book reviews the state of the art in the exploitation of machine learning techniques for the astrophysics community and…
gives the reader a complete overview of the field. The contributed chapters allow the reader to easily digest the material through balanced theoretical and numerical methods and tools with applications in different fields of theoretical and observational astronomy. The book helps the reader to really understand and quantify both the opportunities and limitations of using machine learning in several fields of astrophysics.This book compactly provides the fundamentals of experimental physics for students of the natural sciences who are taking physics as…
a minor or major subject. Interspersed throughout the main text are numerous exercises with pre-calculated solutions, and the most important formulas are listed again at the end of each chapter. This book enables readers to gain an overview of the individual areas and is thus ideally suited to accompany lectures during studies as well as for exam preparation.The textbook originated from a lecture on "Experimental Physics for Natural Scientists" at the University of Tübingen and is intended for all students in subjects such as biochemistry, bioinformatics, biology, chemistry, computer science, mathematics, pharmacy, geoecology, and earth sciences.The first part of the book deals with Newtonian mechanics including continuum mechanics and oscillations and waves. The second part deals with the basic concepts of thermodynamics with emphasis on the statistical explanations. The third part covers electromagnetic phenomena, especially electrostatics and magnetostatics, electrodynamics, and an introduction to electronic components and circuits. Optics with its subfields, ray optics, wave optics, and quantum optics, is presented in the fourth part. In the fifth and last part of the book, the reader is given an overview of the basic principles of quantum mechanics, including atomic and nuclear physics. For this second edition, the content has been improved and supplemented in many places, including a new section on heat transport and phase transitions, as well as an outlook into alternative interpretations of quantum mechanics.Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Astronomy: A Modern History (Space and Society)
Par Jörg Matthias Determann. 2023
Astronomy is a field concerned with matters very distant from Earth. Most phenomena, whether observed or theorized, transcend human spaces…
and timescales by orders of magnitude. Yet, many scientists have been interested not just in the events that have occurred millennia before Earth's inception, but also in their very own society here and now. Since the first half of the twentieth century, an increasing number of them have pursued parallel careers as both academics and activists. Besides publishing peer-reviewed papers, they have promoted a great variety of underrepresented groups within their discipline. Through conferences, newsletters and social media, they have sought to advance the interests of women, members of racial and ethnic minorities, LGBTQ+, and disabled people. While these activists have differed in the identities they focus on, they have come to share a conviction that diversity and inclusion are crucial for scientific excellence as well as social justice. In this book, you will read of the biographies and institutional contexts of key agents in the diversification of modern astronomy. As most are recent figures whose discoveries have not been commemorated by Nobel Prizes, they are relatively unknown among historians of science. They have, however, been central to discussions about who has privileged access to the tools of astronomical inquiry, including powerful telescopes and extensive databases. As such, they have also significantly shaped views of our universe.Elements of Mathematical Analysis: An Informal Introduction for Physics and Engineering Students (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
Par Costas J. Papachristou. 2024
This book provides a comprehensive yet informal introduction to differentiating and integrating real functions with one variable. It also covers…
basic first-order differential equations and introduces higher-dimensional differentiation and integration. The focus is on significant theoretical proofs, accompanied by illustrative examples for clarity. A comprehensive bibliography aids deeper understanding. The concept of a function's differential is a central theme, relating to the "differential" within integrals. The discussion of indefinite integrals (collections of antiderivatives) precedes definite integrals, naturally connecting the two. The Appendix offers essential math formulas, exercise properties, and an in-depth exploration of continuity and differentiability. Select exercise solutions are provided. This book suits short introductory math courses for novice physics/engineering students. It equips them with vital differential and integral calculus tools for real-world applications. It is also useful for first-year undergraduates, reinforcing advanced calculus foundations for better Physics comprehension.Investigating Life in the Universe: Astrobiology and the Search for Extraterrestrial Life
Par Christopher Walker. 2023
This textbook gives a lively introduction to the search for extraterrestrial life. It is a guidebook to understanding the possibility…
of life elsewhere, pointing out landmarks and providing background information to facilitate further exploration of those areas of most interest to the reader. We are a planet of winners – winners of a cosmic lottery that has been in play since the universe began approximately 13.7 billion years ago. Our winnings include sentience and an underlying unease that has driven us to contemplate our place in the universe and the possibility of finding kindred spirits in the cosmos spreading out before us. To understand our origins and the possibility of life beyond Earth, we must look back and retrace the steps that have brought us to this point in space and time. In doing so, we will find the investigation of life to be a unifying theme in nature, requiring us to touch on all branches of the tree of knowledge. Using the Drake Equation as a theme, we begin with an overview of the topic and then go into the story of how we have acquired, or plan to acquire, the knowledge to solve it. As we make our journey, we will encounter some very interesting people – some you will likely know, while others may be new to you. Keep an open mind and allow this text to be your guide. Written in an engaging style, this textbook provides a foundational understanding of the rapidly advancing fields associated with the search for life in the universe. Each chapter includes illustrative figures and review questions for self-study. It will appeal to professionals, researchers, instructors, and undergraduate students, as well as anyone with an interest in astrophysics or astrobiology.Active Particles, Volume 2: Advances in Theory, Models, and Applications (Modeling and Simulation in Science, Engineering and Technology)
Par Nicola Bellomo, Pierre Degond, Eitan Tadmor. 2019
This volume compiles eight recent surveys that present state-of-the-art results in the field of active matter at different scales, modeled…
by agent-based, kinetic, and hydrodynamic descriptions. Following the previously published volume, these chapters were written by leading experts in the field and accurately reflect the diversity of subject matter in theory and applications. Several mathematical tools are employed throughout the volume, including analysis of nonlinear PDEs, network theory, mean field approximations, control theory, and flocking analysis. The book also covers a wide range of applications, including:Biological network formationSocial systemsControl theory of sparse systemsDynamics of swarming and flocking systemsStochastic particles and mean field approximationsMathematicians and other members of the scientific community interested in active matter and its many applications will find this volume to be a timely, authoritative, and valuable resource.Nonlinear X-Ray Spectroscopy for Materials Science (Springer Series in Optical Sciences #246)
Par Iwao Matsuda, Ryuichi Arafune. 2023
X-ray experiments have been used widely in materials science, and conventional spectroscopy has been based on linear responses in light–matter…
interactions. Recent development of ultrafast light sources of tabletop lasers and X-ray free electron lasers reveals nonlinear optical phenomena in the X-ray region, and the measurement signals have been found to carry a further wealth of information on materials. This book overviews such nonlinear X-ray spectroscopy and its related issues for materials science. Each chapter is written by pioneers in the field and skillfully reviews the topics of nonlinear spectroscopy including X-ray multi-photon absorption and X-ray second harmonic generation. The chapters are divided depending on photon wavelength, ranging from extreme ultraviolet to (soft) X-ray. To facilitate readers’ comprehensive understanding, some of the chapters cover the conventional linear X-ray spectroscopy and basic principles of the non-linear responses. The book is mainly accessible as a primer for junior/senior- or graduate-level readers, and it also serves as a useful reference or guide even for established researchers in optical spectroscopy. The book offers readers opportunities to benefit from cutting-edge research in this new area of nonlinear X-ray spectroscopy.What If?: Serious Scientific Answers to Absurd Hypothetical Questions
Par Randall Munroe. 2014
THE SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLERFrom the creator of the wildly popular xkcd.com, hilarious and informative answers to important questions you probably…
never thought to ask.Millions visit xkcd.com each week to read Randall Munroe's iconic webcomic. Fans ask him a lot of strange questions: How fast can you hit a speed bump, driving, and live? When (if ever) did the sun go down on the British Empire? When will Facebook contain more profiles of dead people than living? How many humans would a T Rex rampaging through New York need to eat a day?In pursuit of answers, Munroe runs computer simulations, pores over stacks of declassified military research memos, solves differential equations and consults nuclear reactor operators. His responses are masterpieces of clarity and hilarity, complemented by comics. They often predict the complete annihilation of humankind, or at least a really big explosion.A Short Introduction to Mathematical Concepts in Physics
Par Jim Napolitano. 2024
Mathematics is the language of physics and yet, mathematics is an enormous subject. This textbook provides an accessible and concise…
introduction to mathematical physics for undergraduate students taking a one semester course. It assumes the reader has studied a year of introductory physics and three semesters of basic calculus, including some vector calculus, but no formal training in differential equations or matrix algebra. It equips readers with the skills and foundational knowledge they need for courses that follow in classical mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, and thermal physics. This book exposes students early on to the kinds of mathematical manipulations they will need in upper-level courses in physics. It can also serve as a useful reference for their further studies. Key features: Accompanied by homework problems and a solutions manual for instructors, available upon qualifying course adoption Bridges the gap between calculus and physics, explaining fundamental mathematics (differentiation, integration, infinite series) in physical terms Explores quick extensions into mathematics useful in physics, not typically taught in math courses, including the Gamma Function, hyperbolic functions, Gaussian integrals, Legendre polynomials, functions of a complex variable, and probability distribution functionsTensor Analysis and Elementary Differential Geometry for Physicists and Engineers (Mathematical Engineering #21)
Par Hung Nguyen-Schäfer, Jan-Philip Schmidt. 2017
This book presents tensors and differential geometry in a comprehensive and approachable manner, providing a bridge from the place where…
physics and engineering mathematics end, and the place where tensor analysis begins. Among the topics examined are tensor analysis, elementary differential geometry of moving surfaces, and k-differential forms. The book includes numerous examples with solutions and concrete calculations, which guide readers through these complex topics step by step. Mindful of the practical needs of engineers and physicists, book favors simplicity over a more rigorous, formal approach. The book shows readers how to work with tensors and differential geometry and how to apply them to modeling the physical and engineering world.The authors provide chapter-length treatment of topics at the intersection of advanced mathematics, and physics and engineering: • General Basis and Bra-Ket Notation• Tensor Analysis• Elementary Differential Geometry• Differential Forms• Applications of Tensors and Differential Geometry• Tensors and Bra-Ket Notation in Quantum MechanicsThe text reviews methods and applications in computational fluid dynamics; continuum mechanics; electrodynamics in special relativity; cosmology in the Minkowski four-dimensional space time; and relativistic and non-relativistic quantum mechanics.Tensor Analysis and Elementary Differential Geometry for Physicists and Engineers benefits research scientists and practicing engineers in a variety of fields, who use tensor analysis and differential geometry in the context of applied physics, and electrical and mechanical engineering. It will also interest graduate students in applied physics and engineering.Fibre Optic Communication: Key Devices (Springer Series in Optical Sciences #161)
Par Herbert Venghaus, Norbert Grote. 2017
The book gives an in-depth description of key devices of current and next generation fibre optic communication networks. Devices treated…
include semiconductor lasers, optical amplifiers, modulators, wavelength filters and other passives, detectors, all-optical switches, but relevant properties of optical fibres and network aspects are included as well. The presentations include the physical principles underlying the various devices, technologies used for their realization, typical performance characteristics and limitations, but development trends towards more advanced components are also illustrated. This new edition of a successful book was expanded and updated extensively. The new edition covers among others lasers for optical communication, optical switches, hybrid integration, monolithic integration and silicon photonics. The main focus is on Indium phosphide-based structures but silicon photonics is included as well. The book covers relevant principles, state-of-the-art implementations, status of current research as well as expected future components.Von der Quantenphysik zum Bewusstsein: Kosmos, Geist und Materie
Par Thomas Görnitz, Brigitte Görnitz. 2016
Was verstehen wir unter Bewusstsein? Was sind die Grundprinzipien der Quantentheorie? Welcher Zusammenhang besteht zwischen beiden?In ihrem neuen Buch erläutern…
Brigitte und Thomas Görnitz ausführlich das Konzept der „Protyposis“, einer abstrakten Quanteninformation. Diese einfachste Quantenstruktur bildet die Basis für eine zur Einheit führende naturwissenschaftliche Beschreibung sowohl der Materie als auch des Bewusstseins. Damit wird die Trennung zwischen Leib und Seele überwunden und es wird deutlich, wie untrennbar verwoben die Bereiche der Quantentheorie und der Psychologie im Grunde sind.Das Buch führt den Leser auf eine spannende Reise zum Bewusstsein und zeigt, wie der Weg dorthin von der Kosmologie über die biologische Evolution bis zum Menschen durch die Quantentheorie verstehbar gemacht werden kann.Gemeinsam präsentieren die Autoren Themenkomplexe aus Quantentheorie, Lebenswissenschaft und Psychologie und schaffen so ein informatives Werk über die naturwissenschaftlichen Zusammenhänge der Wirklichkeit.The Edge of Knowledge: Unsolved Mysteries of the Cosmos
Par Lawrence Krauss. 2023
Lawrence Krauss explores the greatest unanswered questions at the forefront of science today, and likely for the coming century and…
beyond.Internationally known theoretical physicist and bestselling author Lawrence Krauss explores science&’s greatest unanswered questions. Three of the most important words in science are &“I don't know.&” Not knowing implies a Universe of opportunities—the possibility of discovery and surprise. Our understanding of science has advanced immeasurably over the last five hundred years, yet many fundamental mysteries of existence persist: How did our Universe begin? How big is the Universe? Is time travel possible? What&’s at the center of a black hole? How did life on Earth arise? Are we alone? What is consciousness, and can we create it? These mysteries define the scientific forefront—the threshold of the unknown. To explore that threshold is to gain a deeper understanding of just how far science has progressed. Covering time, space, matter, life, and consciousness, Krauss introduces readers to topics that will shape the state of science for the next century, providing us all passport to our own journeys of exploration and discovery.Defects and Impurities in Silicon Materials: An Introduction to Atomic-Level Silicon Engineering (Lecture Notes in Physics #916)
Par Guido Langouche, Yutaka Yoshida. 2015
This book emphasizes the importance of the fascinating atomistic insights into the defects and the impurities as well as the…
dynamic behaviors in silicon materials, which have become more directly accessible over the past 20 years. Such progress has been made possible by newly developed experimental methods, first principle theories, and computer simulation techniques. The book is aimed at young researchers, scientists, and technicians in related industries. The main purposes are to provide readers with 1) the basic physics behind defects in silicon materials, 2) the atomistic modeling as well as the characterization techniques related to defects and impurities in silicon materials, and 3) an overview of the wide range of the research fields involved.Optomechanics with Quantum Vacuum Fluctuations (Springer Theses)
Par Zhujing Xu. 2024
This thesis presents the first realization of non-reciprocal energy transfer between two cantilevers by quantum vacuum fluctuations. According to quantum…
mechanics, vacuum is not empty but full of fluctuations due to zero-point energy. Such quantum vacuum fluctuations can lead to an attractive force between two neutral plates in vacuum – the so-called Casimir effect – which has attracted great attention as macroscopic evidence of quantum electromagnetic fluctuations, and can dominate the interaction between neutral surfaces at small separations. The first experimental demonstration of diode-like energy transport in vacuum reported in this thesis is a breakthrough in Casimir-based devices. It represents an efficient and robust way of regulating phonon transport along one preferable direction in vacuum. In addition, the three-body Casimir effects investigated in this thesis were used to realize a transistor-like three-terminal device with quantum vacuum fluctuations. These two breakthroughs pave the way for exploring and developing advanced Casimir-based devices with potential applications in quantum information science. This thesis also includes a study of the non-contact Casimir friction, which will enrich the understanding of quantum vacuum fluctuations.The overall goal of the book is to provide access to the regularized solution of inverse problems relevant in geophysics…
without requiring more mathematical knowledge than is taught in undergraduate math courses for scientists and engineers. From abstract analysis only the concept of functions as vectors is needed. Function spaces are introduced informally in the course of the text, when needed. Additionally, a more detailed, but still condensed introduction is given in Appendix B.A second goal is to elaborate the single steps to be taken when solving an inverse problem: discretization, regularization and practical solution of the regularized optimization problem. These steps are shown in detail for model problems from the fields of inverse gravimetry and seismic tomography. The intended audience is mathematicians, physicists and engineers having a good working knowledge of linear algebra and analysis at the upper undergraduate level.Physik und Finanzen
Par Volker Ziemann. 2023
Dieses Buch führt Physikstudenten in die Konzepte und Methoden der Finanzwissenschaft ein. Obwohl die Finanzwissenschaft als recht weit von der…
Physik entfernt wahrgenommen wird, teilt sie eine Reihe gemeinsamer Methoden und Ideen, die in der Regel mit Rauschen und Unsicherheiten zu tun haben. Durch die Gegenüberstellung der wichtigsten Methoden mit Anwendungen in der Physik und im Finanzwesen werden sowohl die Unterschiede als auch die Gemeinsamkeiten deutlich, was den Studierenden ein tieferes Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden Ideen vermittelt. Darüber hinaus lernen sie eine Reihe nützlicher mathematischer und rechnerischer Werkzeuge kennen, wie stochastische Differentialgleichungen, Pfadintegrale, Monte-Carlo-Methoden und grundlegende Kryptologie. Jedes Kapitel endet mit einer Reihe sorgfältig ausgearbeiteter Übungen, mit denen die Leser ihr Verständnis überprüfen können.The Earth is not the world it once was, and it is not the world it will always be. This…
book describes the exciting, complex, and occasionally baffling history of our own planet. Over the course of its 4.5 billion years, Earth has undergone astonishing changes to its surface and atmosphere, at times more closely resembling other planets in our Solar System than the habitable, teeming biosphere of today. Through these otherworldly analogs, author-illustrator Michael Carroll teaches readers about different aspects of our own planet’s past. Our nearest cosmic neighbor, Venus, offers insights into Earth’s own young atmosphere and surface, while Saturn’s moon Titan may offer a window into the genesis of life on Earth. Planet Earth, Past and Present explores these and many more connections. Original art accompanies each chapter, depicting major stages of the Earth’s evolution and providing vivid comparisons to other planets or moons. Come along on this journey through the Solar System—a journey that ultimately leads us home.God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question?
Par Dick Teresi, Leon Lederman. 2006
A Nobel Prize–winning physicist&’s &“funny, clever, entertaining&” account of the history of particle physics and the hunt for a Higgs…
boson (Library Journal). In this extraordinarily accessible and witty book, Leon Lederman—&“the most engaging physicist since the late, much-missed Richard Feynman&” (San Francisco Examiner)—offers a fascinating tour that takes us from the Greeks&’ earliest scientific observations through Einstein and beyond in an inspiring celebration of human curiosity. It ends with the quest for the Higgs boson, nicknamed the God Particle, which scientists hypothesize will help unlock the last secrets of the subatomic universe. This is not only an enlightening journey through baryons and hadrons and leptons and electrons—it also &“may be the funniest book about physics ever written&” (The Dallas Morning News). &“One of the clearest, most enjoyable new science books in years . . . explains the entire history of physics and cosmology. En route, you&’ll laugh so hard you won&’t realize how much you are learning.&” —San Francisco Examiner &“The story of the search for the ultimate constituents of matter has been told many times before, but never with more verve and wit. . . . His hilarious account of how he helped persuade President Reagan to approve the construction of the Super Collider is itself worth the price of the book.&” —Los Angeles Times