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Weltall, Neutrinos, Sterne und Leben: Faszinierendes aus der Astroforschung
Par Dieter Frekers, Peter Biermann. 2023
Dieses Sachbuch nimmt Sie mit auf eine Reise durch kosmische Epochen, beginnend mit dem Big Bang und der kosmischen Inflation.…
Es taucht dann ein ins Frühe Universum und die frühe Nukleosynthese und schildert, warum diese Phase bereits nach 10 Minuten wieder beendet war. Das Buch beschreibt, wie es zur kosmischen Mikrowellenstrahlung kam und welche erstaunlichen Informationen zur heutigen Zeit daraus extrahiert werden können. Es erklärt, wie die Elemente in Supernova-Explosionen entstehen und wie man mit solchen Ereignissen die Expansion des Universums bestimmt. Auch unsere Sonne und ihr voraussichtliches Schicksal werden im Detail beschrieben. Dabei werden komplexe Themen wie Relativität, Neutronensterne, Schwarze Löcher, Gravitationswellen, kosmische Strahlung und Dunkle Materie allgemeinverständlich erläutert. Darüber hinaus beschäftigt sich dieses Buch mit der Frage, wie Leben entstehen konnte, und was Neutrinos mit der Synthese von Lebensformen zu tun haben. Einige der behandelten Themen sind eingebunden in einen geschichtlichen, teilweise bis ins 18. Jh. zurückreichenden Zusammenhang, wobei die markantesten Einzelleistungen der beteiligten Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler in besonderer Weise herausgestellt sind. Das Buch entstand aus dem an der Universität Münster jährlich stattfindenden „Münsteraner Astroseminar“ und richtet sich an ein interessiertes Publikum ohne besondere Vorkenntnisse. Leserinnen und Leser mit Interesse an der Entstehung und Entwicklung des Kosmos werden in diesem Buch aktuelle und allgemeinverständliche Einblicke in die Forschung und die physikalischen Zusammenhänge finden.Spectral Measures and Dynamics: Typical Behaviors (Latin American Mathematics Series)
Par César De Oliveira, Moacir Aloisio, Silas Carvalho. 2023
This book convenes and deepens generic results about spectral measures, many of them available so far in scattered literature. It…
starts with classic topics such as Wiener lemma, Strichartz inequality, and the basics of fractal dimensions of measures, progressing to more advanced material, some of them developed by the own authors.A fundamental concept to the mathematical theory of quantum mechanics, the spectral measure relates to the components of the quantum state concerning the energy levels of the Hamiltonian operator and, on the other hand, to the dynamics of such state. However, these correspondences are not immediate, with many nuances and subtleties discovered in recent years.A valuable example of such subtleties is found in the so-called “Wonderland theorem” first published by B. Simon in 1995. It shows that, for some metric space of self-adjoint operators, the set of operators whose spectral measures are singular continuous is a generic set (which, for some, is exotic). Recent works have revealed that, on top of singular continuity, there are other generic properties of spectral measures. These properties are usually associated with a number of different notions of generalized dimensions, upper and lower dimensions, with dynamical implications in quantum mechanics, ergodicity of dynamical systems, and evolution semigroups. All this opens ways to new and instigating avenues of research.Graduate students with a specific interest in the spectral properties of spectral measure are the primary target audience for this work, while researchers benefit from a selection of important results, many of them presented in the book format for the first time.Das Quantenrätsel: Ein Science-Fiction-Roman zur Quantenmechanik
Par Martin Bäker. 2023
Zwei Außerirdische beobachten auf ihren jeweiligen Heimatplaneten die Landung eines Raumfahrzeugs und versuchen, es zu erforschen. Im Inneren entdecken sie…
rätselhafte Experimente, die ihnen zeigen, dass die Welt sich nicht so verhält, wie sie es angenommen haben, und die ihr gesamtes Verständnis der Realität in Frage stellen. Die Vorgeschichte der Raumfahrzeuge enthüllt schließlich eine Bedrohung von galaktischem Ausmaß, die nur mit Hilfe der Quantenmechanik überwunden werden kann.Dieses Sachbuch in Form eines Science-Fiction-Romans führt erzählerisch und spannend in die Konzepte der Quantenmechanik ein. Zentrale Begriffe wie Welle-Teilchen-Dualismus, Verschränkung und Schrödingers Katze werden an nachvollziehbaren (Gedanken-)Experimenten erläutert.New Trends in Lyapunov Exponents: NTLE, Lisbon, Portugal, February 7–11, 2022 (CIM Series in Mathematical Sciences)
Par Pedro Duarte, Silvius Klein, João Dias, José Gaivão, Telmo Peixe, Jaqueline Siqueira, Maria Torres. 2023
This volume presents peer-reviewed surveys on new developments in the study of Lyapunov exponents in dynamical systems and its applications…
to other areas, such as mathematical physics. Written by leading experts in their fields, the contributions are based upon the presentations given by invited speakers at the “New Trends in Lyapunov Exponents” workshop held in Lisbon, Portugal, February 7–11, 2022. The works focus on the concept of Lyapunov exponents in their various manifestations in dynamical systems along with their applications to mathematical physics and other areas of mathematics. The papers reflect the spirit of the conference of promoting new connections among different subjects in dynamical systems. This volume aims primarily at researchers and graduate students working in dynamical systems and related fields, serving as an introduction to active fields of research and as a review of recent results as well.Metal Oxide Semiconductors: Synthesis, Properties, and Devices
Par Yong Zhou, Zhigang Zang, Wensi Cai. 2024
Metal Oxide Semiconductors Up-to-date resource highlighting highlights emerging applications of metal oxide semiconductors in various areas and current challenges and…
directions in commercialization Metal Oxide Semiconductors provides a current understanding of oxide semiconductors, covering fundamentals, synthesizing methods, and applications in diodes, thin-film transistors, gas sensors, solar cells, and more. The text presents state-of-the-art information along with fundamental prerequisites for understanding and discusses the current challenges in pursuing commercialization and future directions of this field. Despite rapid advancements in the materials science and device physics of oxide semiconductors over the past decade, the understanding of science and technology in this field remains incomplete due to its relatively short research history; this book aims to bridge the gap between the rapidly advancing research progress in this field and the demand for relevant materials and devices by researchers, engineers, and students. Written by three highly qualified authors, Metal Oxide Semiconductors discusses sample topics such as: Fabrication techniques and principles, covering vacuum-based methods, including sputtering, atomic layer deposition and evaporation, and solution-based methods Fundamentals, progresses, and potentials of p–n heterojunction diodes, Schottky diodes, metal-insulator-semiconductor diodes, and self-switching diodes Applications in thin-film transistors, detailing the current progresses and challenges towards commercialization for n-type TFTs, p-type TFTs, and circuits Detailed discussions on the working mechanisms and representative devices of oxide-based gas sensors, pressure sensors, and PH sensors Applications in optoelectronics, both in solar cells and ultraviolet photodetectors, covering their parameters, materials, and performance Memory applications, including resistive random-access memory, transistor-structured memory devices, transistor-structured artificial synapse, and optical memory transistors A comprehensive monograph covering all aspects of oxide semiconductors, Metal Oxide Semiconductors is an essential resource for materials scientists, electronics engineers, semiconductor physicists, and professionals in the semiconductor and sensor industries who wish to understand all modern developments that have been made in the field.John Dee's Natural Philosophy: Between Science and Religion (Routledge Library Editions: Alchemy)
Par Nicholas Clulee. 1988
This is the definitive study of John Dee and his intellectual career. Originally published in 1988, this interpretation is far…
more detailed than any that came before and is an authoritative account for anyone interested in the history, literature and scientific developments of the Renaissance, or the occult. John Dee has fascinated successive generations. Mathematician, scientist, astrologer and magus at the court of Elizabeth I, he still provokes controversy. To some he is the genius whose contributions to navigation made possible the feats of Elizabethan explorers and colonists, to others an alchemist and charlatan. Thoroughly examining Dee’s natural philosophy, this book provides a balanced evaluation of his place, and the role of the occult, in sixteenth-century intellectual history. It brings together insights from a study of Dee’s writings, the available biographical material, and his sources as reflected in his extensive library and, more importantly, numerous surviving annotated volumes from it.Of interest to interdisciplinary historians as well as those in various other fields, this book presents the first publication of…
14 poems ranging from 12 to 3,000 lines. The poems are printed in the chronological order of their composition, from Elizabethan to Augustan times, but nine of them are verse translations of works from earlier periods in the development of alchemy. Each has a textual and historical introduction and explanatory note by the Editor. Renaissance alchemy is acknowledged as an important element in the histories of early modern science and medicine. This book emphasises these poems’ expression of and shaping influence on religious, social and political values and institutions of their time too and is a useful reference work with much to offer for cultural studies and literary studies as well as science and history.Advances in Mechanics: Selected Contributions to the 15th International Moroccan Congress of Mechanics, May 24-27, 2022, CMM 2022, Casablanca, Morocco (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)
Par Fakher Chaari, Mohamed Haddar, Said Aniss, Miloud Rahmoune, Somia Mordane, Mohamed Elamine Ait Ali, Rabha Khatyr. 2024
This book reports on innovative research in solid and fluid mechanics, and thermal engineering, giving a special emphasis on methods,…
modeling, and simulation tools for analyzing material behavior and energy systems. It gathers the best papers presented at 15th International Moroccan Congress of Mechanics "Congrès de Mécanique", CMM 2022, held on May 24-27, 2022, in Casablanca, Morocco, and organized by the Moroccan Society of Mechanics (SMSM) and the Faculty of Science Ain Chock of the University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco. With a good balance of theory and practice, the book offers a timely snapshot of current advances in mechanics, and a source of inspiration for future research and international collaborations.Introduction to Surface and Superlattice Excitations (Graduate Student Series In Physics Ser.)
Par Michael Cottam, D. R. Tilley. 2004
Cottam and Tilley provide an introduction to the properties of wave-like excitations associated with surfaces and interfaces. The emphasis is…
on acoustic, optic and magnetic excitations, and apart from one section on liquid surfaces, the text concentrates on solids. The important topic of superlattices is also discussed, in which the different kinds of excitation are considered from a unified point of view. Throughout the book, the authors are careful to relate theory and experiment and all of the most important experimental techniques are described. The theoretical treatment assumes only a knowledge of undergraduate physics, except for Green function methods that are used in a few sections; these methods are developed in an appendix. The book also contains extensive references, enabling the reader to consult the research and review literature. Each of the main chapters contains problems to allow the reader to develop topics presented in the text.Introduction to the Fast Multipole Method: Topics in Computational Biophysics, Theory, and Implementation
Par Victor Anisimov, James Stewart. 2020
Introduction to the Fast Multipole Method introduces the reader to the theory and computer implementation of the Fast Multipole Method.…
It covers the topics of Laplace&’s equation, spherical harmonics, angular momentum, the Wigner matrix, the addition theorem for solid harmonics, and lattice sums for periodic boundary conditions, along with providing a complete, self-contained explanation of the math of the method, so that anyone having an undergraduate grasp of calculus should be able to follow the material presented. The authors derive the Fast Multipole Method from first principles and systematically construct the theory connecting all the parts. Key Features Introduces each topic from first principles Derives every equation presented, and explains each step in its derivation Builds the necessary theory in order to understand, develop, and use the method Describes the conversion from theory to computer implementation Guides through code optimization and parallelization"This is a delightful account of one of the deepest and most fascinating explorations going on today at the frontier…
of our knowledge." —Carlo Rovelli, bestselling author of The Order of Time and Seven Brief Lessons on PhysicsA revelatory exploration of how a "theory of everything" depends upon our understanding of the human mindThe whole goal of physics is to explain what we observe. For centuries, physicists believed that observations yielded faithful representations of what is out there. But when they began to study the subatomic realm, they found that observation often interferes with what is being observed—that the act of seeing changes what we see. The same is true of cosmology: our view of the universe is inevitably distorted by observation bias. And so whether they’re studying subatomic particles or galaxies, physicists must first explain consciousness—and for that they must turn to neuroscientists and philosophers of mind.Neuroscientists have painstakingly built up an understanding of the structure of the brain. Could this help physicists understand the levels of self-organization they observe in other systems? These same physicists, meanwhile, are trying to explain how particles organize themselves into the objects around us. Could their discoveries help explain how neurons produce our conscious experience?Exploring these questions and more, George Musser tackles the extraordinary interconnections between quantum mechanics, cosmology, human consciousness, and artificial intelligence. Combining vivid descriptive writing with portraits of scientists working on the cutting edge, Putting Ourselves Back in the Equation shows how theories of everything depend on theories of mind—and how they might be one and the same.Polysaccharides: Advanced Polymeric Materials
Par Bhasha Sharma. 2024
Polysaccharides offer unique and valuable functional properties, persisting in technological importance and poised to grow more critical due to sustainability…
demands and emerging applications in medical and life sciences. This contributed work presents comprehensive information about carbohydrate polymers, providing readers with an enhanced appreciation of carbohydrate structure and function, a new enzyme library, and extraction strategies that will help to advance a number of exciting domains of research, including genomics, proteomics, chemical synthesis, materials science, and engineering. Key Features Details the source, production, structures, properties, and current and potential applications of polysaccharides. Discusses general strategies of isolation, separation, and characterization of polysaccharides. Describes botanical, algal, animal, and microbial sources of polysaccharides. Demonstrates the importance of carbohydrates in new lead generation. Highlights the range of possibilities for polysaccharides to make real-world impact. Bhasha Sharma, Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, India. Enamul Hoque, Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh.Fractal Signatures in the Dynamics of an Epidemiology: An Analysis of COVID-19 Transmission
Par Santo Banerjee, A. Gowrisankar. 2024
The recent Covid-19 pandemic threw the world into complete chaos with its rapid and devastating spread. Scientists are still trying…
to obtain a better understanding of the patterns of COVID-19 and trying to get a deeper understanding of mutant strains and their pathogenicity by performing genomic sequences of more samples. Fractal-based analysis provides its unique forecasting policy to reduce the spread of COVID-19, and in general, of any outbreaks. The book presents fractal and multifractal models of COVID-19 and reviews the impact of the pandemic including epidemiology, genome organization, transmission cycle, and control strategies based on mathematical models towards developing an immune intervention. Also, it covers non-clinical aspects such as economic development with graphical illustrations, meeting the needs of onlookers outside the sector who desire additional information on the epidemic. The fractal signatures describe the fractal textures in the patterns of Corona virus. Studies on the epidemiology of Covid-19 in relation with the fractals and fractal functions serve to exhibit its irregular chaotic nature. Moreover, the book with its wide coverage on the Hurst exponent analysis and the fractal dimension estimation, greatly aids in measuring the epidemiology.Quantenelektrodynamik: Eine Einführung für Lehramtsstudierende (BestMasters)
Par Katharina Sandner. 2023
Schon früh im Physikstudium und auch bereits in der Schule machen wir Bekanntschaft mit der klassischen Elektrostatik, Magnetostatik, aber auch…
der Elektrodynamik. Dabei sind die Maxwell-Gleichungen ein nicht mehr wegzudenkender, wichtiger Teil zur Beschreibung des Zusammenhangs zwischen elektrischen und magnetischen Feldern. Doch was ist, wenn wir weiter gehen, wenn wir den klassischen Pfad verlassen und uns der quantenmechanischen Theorie zuwenden? Finden wir dort unsere Wechselwirkung zwischen Licht und Materie wieder? Gibt es, ähnlich wie die Maxwell-Gleichungen, auch solch prägende Gleichungen?Diese Fragen beschäftigen uns in der vorliegenden Arbeit, wobei dazu zunächst die Korrespondenz der relativistischen Mechanik und relativistischen Quantenmechanik untersucht wird. Weiterführend folgt die Quantisierung von Feldern und diese geht in die Quantenelektrodynamik über. Hier werden, aufgrund des einführenden Charakters, nur Prozesse niedrigster Ordnung betrachtet und ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Compton-Streuung.Gas Dynamics with Applications in Industry and Life Sciences: On Gas Kinetic/Dynamics and Life Science Seminar, March 25–26, 2021 and March 17–18, 2022 (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics #429)
Par Larisa Beilina, Mohammad Asadzadeh, Shigeru Takata. 2023
This proceedings volume gathers selected contributions presented at two instances of the "JSPS/SAC Seminar: On Gas Kinetic/Dynamics and Life Science",…
held by the Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Sweden, on March 25-26, 2021 (virtual) and March 17-18, 2022 (virtual).Works in this book provide a concise approach to the theoretical and numerical analysis of kinetic type equations that arise, for example, in modeling industrial, medical, and environmental problems. Readers will find some of the most recent theoretical results, newly developed numerical methods in the field, and some open problems. Possible application areas encompass fission/fusion energy, electromagnetics, nuclear science and engineering, medical service, radiation oncology, and plants growth conditions, to name a few. The JSPS/SAC seminars are jointly organized by JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)—Stockholm Office and the Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology & University of Gothenburg, Sweden. These seminars foster discussions on the mathematical theory, industrial and life science applications, and numerical analysis of non-linear hyperbolic partial differential equations modeling collision-less plasma and charged particles.Chapter 4 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.Chapter 11 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.New Challenges and Opportunities in Physics Education (Challenges in Physics Education)
Par Marisa Michelini, Marilena Streit-Bianchi, Walter Bonivento, Matteo Tuveri. 2023
This book is invaluable for teachers and students in high school and junior college who struggle to understand the principles…
of modern physics and incorporate scientific methods in their lessons. It provides interactive and multidisciplinary approaches that will help prepare present and future generations to face the technological and social challenges they will face. Rather than using a unidirectional didactic approach, the authors - scientists, philosophers, communication experts, science historians and science education innovators - divide the book into two parts; the first part, “Communicating Contemporary Physics”, examines how new physics developments affect modern culture, while the second part, “Digital Challenges for Physics Learning”, covers physics education research using ICT, plus the experiences of classroom teachers and a range of ideas and projects to innovate physics and STEM teaching.This book provides a detailed biographical account of the industrious late nineteenth-century astronomer William Frederick Denning who, in later life,…
rose to be a celebrated public figure and a highly respected amateur astronomer. The book also examines Denning’s many contributions to the astronomy of his time. As an indomitable promotor of amateur astronomy, Denning was closely involved in the formation of the short-lived, but historically pivotal, Observational Astronomy Society (OAS) in 1869. Readers will learn about the origins and the observational programs initiated by the OAS, and the author also presents a series of biographical sketches of its most industrious members. Furthermore, by examining Denning’s letters and publications, the author shows how he helped to nurture the growth of amateur astronomy, also teaching amateur observers how to make their efforts scientifically useful. A stalwart observer and enthusiast himself, Denning was a key player in the development of meteor astronomy in England, culminating in his being invited, in 1922, to be the first President of Commission 22 (meteors, meteorites and interplanetary dust) of the newly formed International Astronomical Union. The text follows the development and rapid growth of meteor astronomy during the nineteenth century, focusing upon the key observations and important theoretical advances. In addition, it pays tribute to pioneering practitioners, who, along with Denning, set out to unravel the story and secrets of the shooting stars. While not an openly forthright or strident figure, Denning, at the height of his career, became embroiled in two public and controversial issues. The first related to his pseudo-scientific theory of optical blurring, and his belief that large-aperture telescopes performed less efficiently than smaller-aperture telescopes when used in the study of planetary disks. The second concerned the mysterious issue of stationary meteor shower radiants—an apparent observational reduction that was completely at odds with both the standard theories of gravitational dynamics and the generally accepted notion of meteoroid stream structure. The book explores these two controversies and uses them to examine Denning’s outlook on scientific methodology.Numerical Methods for Initial Value Problems in Physics
Par Francisco Guzmán. 2023
This textbook is a comprehensive overview of the construction, implementation, and application of important numerical methods for the solution of…
Initial Value Problems (IVPs). Beginning with IVPs involving Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) and progressing to problems with Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) in 1+1 and 3+1 dimensions, it provides readers with a clear and systematic progression from simple to complex concepts. The numerical methods selected in this textbook can solve a considerable variety of problems and the applications presented cover a wide range of topics, including population dynamics, chaos, celestial mechanics, geophysics, astrophysics, and more. Each chapter contains a variety of solved problems and exercises, with code included. These examples are designed to motivate and inspire readers to delve deeper into the state-of-the-art problems in their own fields. The code is written in Fortran 90, in a library-free style, making them easy to program and efficient to run. The appendix also includes the same code in C++, making the book accessible to a variety of programming backgrounds. At the end of each chapter, there are brief descriptions of how the methods could be improved, along with one or two projects that can be developed with the methods and codes described. These projects are highly engaging, from synchronization of chaos and message encryption to gravitational waves emitted by a binary system and non-linear absorption of a scalar field. With its clear explanations, hands-on approach, and practical examples, this textbook is an essential resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students who want to the learn how to use numerical methods to tackle challenging problems.What Is Relativity?: An Intuitive Introduction to Einstein's Ideas, and Why They Matter
Par Jeffrey Bennett. 2016
A renowned astrophysicist&’s approachable introduction to Albert Einstein&’s theory of relativity and its application in our daily lives. It…
is commonly assumed that if the Sun suddenly turned into a black hole, it would suck Earth and the rest of the planets into oblivion. Yet, as prominent author and astrophysicist Jeffrey Bennett points out, black holes don't suck. With that simple idea in mind, Bennett begins an entertaining introduction to Einstein's theories of relativity, describing the amazing phenomena readers would actually experience if they took a trip to a black hole. The theory of relativity reveals the speed of light as the cosmic speed limit, the mind-bending ideas of time dilation and curvature of spacetime, and what may be the most famous equation in history: E = mc2. Indeed, the theory of relativity shapes much of our modern understanding of the universe. It is not &“just a theory&”―every major prediction of relativity has been tested to exquisite precision, and its practical applications include the Global Positioning System (GPS). Amply illustrated and written in clear, accessible prose, Bennett's book proves anyone can grasp the basics of Einstein's ideas. His intuitive, nonmathematical approach gives a wide audience its first real taste of how relativity works and why it is so important to science and the way we view ourselves as human beings. &“Well-written and uniquely readable . . . Bennett carefully avoids bombastic statements and &“spectacularization&” of the subject.&” —Alberto Nicolis, Columbia University &“I have read lots of introductions to relativity, but none is as clear and compelling as this one.&” —Seth Shostak, Senior Astronomer, SETI InstituteNonthermal Plasma Surface Modification of Materials
Par Masaaki Okubo. 2023
This book describes the fundamentals and applicability of the atmospheric-pressure non-thermal plasma surface modification of materials. Non-thermal plasma modification is…
an effective procedure for chemical activation. In this book, the principles of non-thermal plasma surface modification and its application to various machine parts are described. By reading this book, technologists from a variety of fields can learn about plasma generation and surface treatment technology, which will assist them in performing advanced procedures.This book also explains the basics of atmospheric-pressure plasma and the principle of plasma treatment in an easy-to-understand manner and also provides examples of the application of atmospheric-pressure plasma surface modification technologies to plastics, glass, polymers, and metals. After reading this book, readers can get the knowledge that researchers need to apply the methodology to meet their own research goals.The book is self-contained in the sense that it spans the divide between the fundamentals and more advanced content regarding applications. Many engineers and graduate students working in this field get many helps.