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Energy and Entropy: A Dynamic Duo
Par Harvey Leff. 2021
Energy is typically regarded as understandable, despite its multiple forms of storage and transfer. Entropy, however, is an enigma, in…
part because of the common view that it represents disorder. That view is flawed and hides entropy’s connection with energy. In fact, macroscopic matter stores internal energy, and that matter’s entropy is determined by how the energy is stored. Energy and entropy are intimately linked. Energy and Entropy: A Dynamic Duo illuminates connections between energy and entropy for students, teachers, and researchers. Conceptual understanding is emphasised where possible through examples, analogies, figures, and key points. Features: Qualitative demonstration that entropy is linked to spatial and temporal energy spreading, with equilibrium corresponding to the most equitable distribution of energy, which corresponds to maximum entropy Analysis of energy and entropy of matter and photons, with examples ranging from rubber bands, cryogenic cooling, and incandescent lamps to Hawking radiation of black holes Unique coverage of numerical entropy, the 3rd law of thermodynamics, entropic force, dimensionless entropy, free energy, and fluctuations, from Maxwell's demon to Brownian ratchets, plus attempts to violate the second law of thermodynamicsMonte Carlo Methods for Particle Transport
Par Alireza Haghighat. 2021
Fully updated with the latest developments in the eigenvalue Monte Carlo calculations and automatic variance reduction techniques and containing an…
entirely new chapter on fission matrix and alternative hybrid techniques. This second edition explores the uses of the Monte Carlo method for real-world applications, explaining its concepts and limitations. Featuring illustrative examples, mathematical derivations, computer algorithms, and homework problems, it is an ideal textbook and practical guide for nuclear engineers and scientists looking into the applications of the Monte Carlo method, in addition to students in physics and engineering, and those engaged in the advancement of the Monte Carlo methods. Describes general and particle-transport-specific automated variance reduction techniques Presents Monte Carlo particle transport eigenvalue issues and methodologies to address these issues Presents detailed derivation of existing and advanced formulations and algorithms with real-world examples from the author’s research activitiesFundamentals of Radio Astronomy: Astrophysics (Series in Astronomy and Astrophysics)
Par Stanley Kurtz, Ronald Snell, Jonathan Marr. 2019
As demonstrated by five Nobel Prizes in physics, radio astronomy has contributed greatly to our understanding of the Universe. Courses…
covering this subject are, therefore, very important in the education of the next generation of scientists who will continue to explore the Cosmos. This textbook, the second of two volumes, presents an extensive introduction to the astrophysical processes that are studied in radio astronomy. Suitable for undergraduate courses on radio astronomy, it discusses the physical phenomena that give rise to radio emissions, presenting examples of astronomical objects, and illustrating how the relevant physical parameters of astronomical sources can be obtained from radio observations. Unlike other radio astronomy textbooks, this book provides students with an understanding of the background and the underlying principles, with derivations available for most of the equations used in the textbook. Features: Presents a clear and concise discussion of the important astronomical concepts and physical processes that give rise to both radio continuum and radio spectral line emission Discusses radio emissions from a variety of astronomical sources and shows how the observed emissions can be used to derive the physical properties of these sources Includes numerous examples using actual data from the literatureMarkov Random Flights (Chapman & Hall/CRC Monographs and Research Notes in Mathematics)
Par Alexander Kolesnik. 2021
Markov Random Flights is the first systematic presentation of the theory of Markov random flights in the Euclidean spaces of…
different dimensions. Markov random flights is a stochastic dynamic system subject to the control of an external Poisson process and represented by the stochastic motion of a particle that moves at constant finite speed and changes its direction at random Poisson time instants. The initial (and each new) direction is taken at random according to some probability distribution on the unit sphere. Such stochastic motion is the basic model for describing many real finite-velocity transport phenomena arising in statistical physics, chemistry, biology, environmental science and financial markets. Markov random flights acts as an effective tool for modelling the slow and super-slow diffusion processes arising in various fields of science and technology. Features: Provides the first systematic presentation of the theory of Markov random flights in the Euclidean spaces of different dimensions. Suitable for graduate students and specialists and professionals in applied areas. Introduces a new unified approach based on the powerful methods of mathematical analysis, such as integral transforms, generalized, hypergeometric and special functions. Author Alexander D. Kolesnik is a professor, Head of Laboratory (2015–2019) and principal researcher (since 2020) at the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, Kishinev (Chișinău), Moldova. He graduated from Moldova State University in 1980 and earned his PhD from the Institute of Mathematics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev in 1991. He also earned a PhD Habilitation in mathematics and physics with specialization in stochastic processes, probability and statistics conferred by the Specialized Council at the Institute of Mathematics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and confirmed by the Supreme Attestation Commission of Ukraine in 2010. His research interests include: probability and statistics, stochastic processes, random evolutions, stochastic dynamic systems, random flights, diffusion processes, transport processes, random walks, stochastic processes in random environments, partial differential equations in stochastic models, statistical physics and wave processes. Dr. Kolesnik has published more than 70 scientific publications, mostly in high-standard international journals and a monograph. He has also acted as external referee for many outstanding international journals in mathematics and physics, being awarded by the "Certificate of Outstanding Contribution in Reviewing" from the journal "Stochastic Processes and their Applications." He was the visiting professor and scholarship holder at universities in Italy and Germany and member of the Board of Global Advisors of the International Federation of Nonlinear Analysts (IFNA), United States of America.Partial Differential Equations for Mathematical Physicists
Par Bijan Bagchi. 2020
Partial Differential Equations for Mathematical Physicists is intended for graduate students, researchers of theoretical physics and applied mathematics, and professionals who…
want to take a course in partial differential equations. This book offers the essentials of the subject with the prerequisite being only an elementary knowledge of introductory calculus, ordinary differential equations, and certain aspects of classical mechanics. We have stressed more the methodologies of partial differential equations and how they can be implemented as tools for extracting their solutions rather than dwelling on the foundational aspects. After covering some basic material, the book proceeds to focus mostly on the three main types of second order linear equations, namely those belonging to the elliptic, hyperbolic, and parabolic classes. For such equations a detailed treatment is given of the derivation of Green's functions, and of the roles of characteristics and techniques required in handling the solutions with the expected amount of rigor. In this regard we have discussed at length the method of separation variables, application of Green's function technique, and employment of Fourier and Laplace's transforms. Also collected in the appendices are some useful results from the Dirac delta function, Fourier transform, and Laplace transform meant to be used as supplementary materials to the text. A good number of problems is worked out and an equally large number of exercises has been appended at the end of each chapter keeping in mind the needs of the students. It is expected that this book will provide a systematic and unitary coverage of the basics of partial differential equations. Key Features An adequate and substantive exposition of the subject. Covers a wide range of important topics. Maintains mathematical rigor throughout. Organizes materials in a self-contained way with each chapter ending with a summary. Contains a large number of worked out problems.Thermodynamics of Magnetizing Materials and Superconductors
Par Vladimir Kozhevnikov. 2020
This book will help readers understand thermodynamic properties caused by magnetic fields. Providing a concise review of time independent magnetic…
fields, it goes on to discuss the thermodynamic properties of magnetizing materials of different shapes, and finally, the equilibrium properties of superconductors of different shapes and also of different sizes. Chapters are accompanied by problems illustrating the applications of the principles to optimize and enhance understanding. This book will be of interest to advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers specializing in thermodynamics, solid state physics, magnetism, and superconductivity. Features: The first book to provide comprehensive coverage of thermodynamics in magnetic fields, only previously available, in part, in journal articles Chapters include problems and worked solutions demonstrating real questions in contemporary superconductivity, such as properties of vortex matterPredicting Motion
Par Robert Lambourne. 2000
Predicting Motion presents the core ideas of Newtonian mechanics, starting from Newton's laws and the idea that changes in motion…
are predictable given the forces that cause them. Richly illustrated with questions and answers for self-assessment, it carefully introduces concepts, such as kinetics and potential energy, linear momentum, torque (the r3D Image Reconstruction for CT and PET: A Practical Guide with Python (Focus Series in Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering)
Par Daniele Panetta, Niccolo Camarlinghi. 2021
This is a practical guide to tomographic image reconstruction with projection data, with strong focus on Computed Tomography (CT) and…
Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Classic methods such as FBP, ART, SIRT, MLEM and OSEM are presented with modern and compact notation, with the main goal of guiding the reader from the comprehension of the mathematical background through a fast-route to real practice and computer implementation of the algorithms. Accompanied by example data sets, real ready-to-run Python toolsets and scripts and an overview the latest research in the field, this guide will be invaluable for graduate students and early-career researchers and scientists in medical physics and biomedical engineering who are beginners in the field of image reconstruction. A top-down guide from theory to practical implementation of PET and CT reconstruction methods, without sacrificing the rigor of mathematical background Accompanied by Python source code snippets, suggested exercises, and supplementary ready-to-run examples for readers to download from the CRC Press website Ideal for those willing to move their first steps on the real practice of image reconstruction, with modern scientific programming language and toolsets Daniele Panetta is a researcher at the Institute of Clinical Physiology of the Italian National Research Council (CNR-IFC) in Pisa. He earned his MSc degree in Physics in 2004 and specialisation diploma in Health Physics in 2008, both at the University of Pisa. From 2005 to 2007, he worked at the Department of Physics "E. Fermi" of the University of Pisa in the field of tomographic image reconstruction for small animal imaging micro-CT instrumentation. His current research at CNR-IFC has as its goal the identification of novel PET/CT imaging biomarkers for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In the field micro-CT imaging, his interests cover applications of three-dimensional morphometry of biosamples and scaffolds for regenerative medicine. He acts as reviewer for scientific journals in the field of Medical Imaging: Physics in Medicine and Biology, Medical Physics, Physica Medica, and others. Since 2012, he is adjunct professor in Medical Physics at the University of Pisa. Niccolò Camarlinghi is a researcher at the University of Pisa. He obtained his MSc in Physics in 2007 and his PhD in Applied Physics in 2012. He has been working in the field of Medical Physics since 2008 and his main research fields are medical image analysis and image reconstruction. He is involved in the development of clinical, pre-clinical PET and hadron therapy monitoring scanners. At the time of writing this book he was a lecturer at University of Pisa, teaching courses of life-sciences and medical physics laboratory. He regularly acts as a referee for the following journals: Medical Physics, Physics in Medicine and Biology, Transactions on Medical Imaging, Computers in Biology and Medicine, Physica Medica, EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing, Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics.Theory Of Quantum Liquids
Par Philippe Nozieres. 2000
This volume is devoted to the theory of superfluid quantum liquids, describing the Landau theory of a neutral Fermi liquid…
in order to illustrate, in comparatively elementary fashion, the way both quantum statistics and particle interaction determine system behavior.Wetting Theory
Par Eli Ruckenstein, Gersh Berim. 2019
Wetting Theory discusses the numerous practical applications of wetting, such as preparing self-cleaning surfaces, manufacturing artificial blood vessels, and developing…
new lubricants and nonadhesive dishes. As part of Wetting: Theory and Experiments, Two-Volume Set, this volume provides new, critical insights into the theory of wetting. Chapters are arranged to allow readers to follow the development of a suggested approach (static and dynamic properties of wetting) and how these tools are applied to specific problems. Main attention is given to nanoscale wetting (nanodrops on solid surfaces, liquid in the nanoslit) on the basis of microscopic density functional theory and fluid dynamics on solid surfaces on the basis of hydrodynamic equations. Aimed at engineers, physical scientists, and materials scientists, this volume addresses the key areas of wetting, providing invaluable insights to the field.Diagnostic Ultrasound, Third Edition: Physics and Equipment
Par Peter R Hoskins, Kevin Martin and Abigail Thrush. 2019
This popular text provides a comprehensive, yet accessible, introduction to the physics and technology of medical ultrasound, with high quality…
ultrasound images and diagrams throughout. Covering all aspects of the field at a level that meetings the requirements of accredited sonography courses, it is ideal for both trainee and qualified healthcare professionals practising ultrasound in a clinical setting. Building on the content of previous editions, this third edition provides the latest guidance relating to ultrasound technology, quality assurance and safety and discusses the latest techniques.Computational biology has developed rapidly during the last two decades following the genomic revolution which culminated in the sequencing of…
the human genome. More than ever it has developed into a field which embraces computational methods from different branches of the exact sciences: pure and applied mathematics, computer science, theoretical physics. This Second Edition provides a solid introduction to the techniques of statistical mechanics for graduate students and researchers in computational biology and biophysics. Material has been reorganized to clarify equilbrium and nonequilibrium aspects of biomolecular systems Content has been expanded, in particular in the treatment of the electrostatic interactions of biomolecules and the application of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics to biomolecules New network-based approaches for the study of proteins are presented. All treated topics are put firmly in the context of the current research literature, allowing the reader to easily follow an individual path into a specific research field. Exercises and Tasks accompany the presentations of the topics with the intention of enabling the readers to test their comprehension of the developed basic concepts.Nanostructured Electrochromic Materials for Smart Switchable Windows
Par Avinash Balakrishnan, Praveen Pattathil. 2019
This book focuses on next-generation smart windows which can change their optical-physical properties by reflecting and/or transmitting incoming light radiation…
to attain comfortable indoor temperatures throughout the year. Offers in-depth discussion of a range of materials and devices related to different technologies used in manufacturing smart windows Discusses basic principles, materials synthesis and thin film fabrication, and optical and electrochemical characterization techniquesDynamics of Josephson Junctions and Circuits
Par Konstantin Likharev. 1986
This monograph offers a detailed description of the statistics, dynamics and statics of Josephson junctions. Particular emphasis is placed on…
the dynamics of new circuits and analog and digital devices using single quanta of magnetic flux.Visions of the Multiverse
Par Steven Manly. 2011
The idea of a multiple universe reality is no longer considered speculative or implausible by many physicists; rather, it is…
deemed inescapable. Distinct concepts of the multiverse spring from quantum mechanics, cosmology, string theory-based cosmology, and ideas about a mathematics based reality that borders on the religious.In this accessible and entertaining book, Dr. Manly guides you on a tour of the many multiverse concepts and provides the non-technical background to understand them.Visions of the Multiverse explores questions such as:•Just what is a multiverse?•What are the different concepts of the multiverse and how are they related?•Is it possible to determine if we live in a multiverse…or even in multiple types of multiverses?•How do religious concepts of the afterlife and popular ideas based on the Law of Attraction relate to the scientific visions of the multiverse?Dr. Manly discusses a wide variety of fascinating concepts from relativity and the fundamental particles and forces of nature to dark matter, dark energy, and quantum mechanics in an unintimidating and conversational tone.Is humanity is in the midst of a new Copernican revolution? You decide.Space Science in China (Earth Space Institute Book Ser. #Vol. 1)
Par Wen-Rui Hu. 1997
Space science in China is one of the most active areas in modern science, and China has played a dynamic…
and steadily increasing role in this field since the 1960s. Until recently, however, activity in China was a mystery to the rest of the world. With the commercial importance of space, and the fact that space is now used as a laboratory to carry out various experiments, China has recently emerged as an important international competitor. Space Science in China provides a clear understanding of the latest research and progress in such wide-ranging areas as the development and research in solar-terrestrial science, space astronomy, geoscience, remote sensing, microgravity science, and life science.Computational Atomic Structure: An MCHF Approach
Par Per Jonsson, Charlotte Froese-Fischer, Tomas Brage. 1997
Computational Atomic Structure: An MCHF Approach deals with the field of computational atomic structure, specifically with the multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock (MCHF)…
approach and the manner in which this approach is used in modern physics. Beginning with an introduction to computational algorithms and procedures for atomic physics, the book describes the theory underlying nonrelativistic atomic structure calculations (making use of Brett-Pauli corrections for relativistic effects) and details how the MCHF atomic structure software package can be used to this end. The book concludes with a treatment of atomic properties, such as energy levels, electron affinities, transition probabilities, specific mass shift, fine structure, hyperfine-structure, and autoionization. This modern, reliable exposition of atomic structure theory proves invaluable to anyone looking to make use of the authors' MCHF atomic structure software package, which is available publicly via the Internet.Beam Dynamics
Par Etienne Forest. 1998
This volume lays down the foundations of a theory of rings based on finite maps. The purpose of the ring…
is entirely discussed in terms of the global properties of the one-turn map. Proposing a theory of rings based on such maps, this work offers another perspective on storage ring theory.Classical Mechanics: A Computational Approach with Examples Using Mathematica and Python
Par Vasilis Pagonis, Christopher Kulp. 2021
Classical Mechanics: A Computational Approach with Examples using Python and Mathematica provides a unique, contemporary introduction to classical mechanics, with…
a focus on computational methods. In addition to providing clear and thorough coverage of key topics, this textbook includes integrated instructions and treatments of computation. Full of pedagogy, it contains both analytical and computational example problems within the body of each chapter. The example problems teach readers both analytical methods and how to use computer algebra systems and computer programming to solve problems in classical mechanics. End-of-chapter problems allow students to hone their skills in problem solving with and without the use of a computer. The methods presented in this book can then be used by students when solving problems in other fields both within and outside of physics. It is an ideal textbook for undergraduate students in physics, mathematics, and engineering studying classical mechanics. Features: Gives readers the "big picture" of classical mechanics and the importance of computation in the solution of problems in physics Numerous example problems using both analytical and computational methods, as well as explanations as to how and why specific techniques were used Online resources containing specific example codes to help students learn computational methods and write their own algorithms A solutions manual is available via the Routledge Instructor Hub and extra code is available via the Support Material tabVisible Light Communication Based Indoor Localization
Par Mohsen Kavehrad, Reza Aminikashani. 2020
This book demonstrates the research on VLC based indoor localization in four aspects: first, it constructs the concept and model…
of the system; second, positioning algorithms, as the main issue in indoor localization, are detailed; third, many approaches are proposed to further improve the positioning performance; fourth, challenges will be detailed. Impulse response with multipath reflections are analyzed. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is proposed, and positioning performance is largely improved compared to On-off-keying (OOK) modulation. The readers will get a broad view of VLC based indoor localization from the background to the future challenges.