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In Judging Insanity, Punishing Difference, Chloé Deambrogio explores how developments in the field of forensic psychiatry shaped American courts' assessments…
of defendants' mental health and criminal responsibility over the course of the twentieth century. During this period, new psychiatric notions of the mind and its readability, legal doctrines of insanity and diminished culpability, and cultural stereotypes about race and gender shaped the ways in which legal professionals, mental health experts, and lay witnesses approached mental disability evidence, especially in cases carrying the death penalty. Using Texas as a case study, Deambrogio examines how these medical, legal, and cultural trends shaped psycho-legal debates in state criminal courts, while shedding light on the ways in which experts and lay actors' interpretations of "pathological" mental states influenced trial verdicts in capital cases. She shows that despite mounting pressures from advocates of the "rehabilitative penology," Texas courts maintained a punitive approach towards defendants allegedly affected by severe mental disabilities, while allowing for moralized views about personalities, habits, and lifestyle to influence psycho-legal assessments, in potentially prejudicial ways.From Newton's Sleep
Par Joseph Vining. 1994
What the presence of law tells us about our beliefs, our language, and the world around usIn a strikingly original…
work intended not only for practicing lawyers but for anyone interested in the modern dilemma of the loss of meaning, Joseph Vining invites us to reconsider law as a unique form of thought, inseparably connected to everything in the world that makes up human identity. Oliver Wendell Holmes asserted at the end of the nineteenth century that human law is ultimately a phenomenon in quantitative relations to its causes and effects, and many have been left with an impression of law as a set of processes and rules. Vining takes issue with this and with various reductionist attempts in scientific thought today to express the universe in a single mathematical description of forces, as well as with post-structuralist speculation that there are no valid truth claims, and that human inter-action can be reduced to analysis of power relationships. Law, he argues, is an independent discourse, not reducible to any other, that exists only in human interaction and reflects continuing human worth. Vining's search to reinstate the spiritual dimension in public discourse brings him head-on with a wide array of powerful academic forces: linguistics theory, political science, the new historicism, and the traditional teaching of law.This book consists of a collection of what Vining calls "amplifications" of the implied text of the law—impressions, commentaries, vignettes, poems, and dialogues—which illustrate aspects of conventional legal language and logic, and the subjects legal practice regularly deals with, such as promises, death, and crime. Throughout we see that law reaches deeply into the way we know ourselves and other persons, all of whom speak through law as law connects language to person and person to action. The texts generated by legal method constitute the living record of social acquaintance and contest, speaking across cultures and across centuries. It is the close reading of legal texts and contexts, Vining argues, that provides the present source of the transcendental in modern secular life. But unlike the other academic arts of interpretation, law alone is directly connected with the most real, the most particular and, at the same time, the most universal facts of social life.From Newton's Sleep casts doubt on the certainties past and present and creates new grounds for skepticism and conviction. The fragmentary form of the book mirrors its subject. It is intended to be picked up and read as occasion allows by lawyers and anyone interested in law.Estates and Constitution: The Parliament in Eighteenth-Century Hungary (Austrian and Habsburg Studies #30)
Par István M. Szijártó. 2020
Across eighteenth-century Europe, political power resided overwhelmingly with absolute monarchs, with notable exceptions including the much-studied British Parliament as well…
as the frequently overlooked Hungarian Diet, which placed serious constraints on royal power and broadened opportunities for political participation. Estates and Constitution provides a rich account of Hungarian politics during this period, restoring the Diet to its rightful place as one of the era’s major innovations in government. István M. Szijártó traces the religious, economic, and partisan forces that shaped the Diet, putting its historical significance in international perspective.Small States and Big Powers: Portugal and Iceland’s Foreign Relations (The World of Small States #10)
Par Baldur Thorhallsson, Alice Cunha. 2023
Foreign policy is one of the most complex policies of every state, and Portugal and Iceland are no exception. The…
“Small States and Big Powers: Portugal and Iceland’s Foreign Relations” book analyses the importance of relations with big powers or regional and international organisations from a shelter theory perspective, detailing the degree of political, economic and societal shelter that they have provided to Portugal and to Iceland over time. Despite having followed distinct paths, Portugal and Iceland have some important similarities in their foreign policy, namely in relation to the European and the Atlantic dimensions and their participation in regional organisations. The book examines their decisions to join or not to join regional organisations, and both countries’ bilateral relations with other important parts of the world, namely Africa, the Nordic states and China. This book compares the foreign policies of Portugal and Iceland considering their commonly identified status as small states and place them within the shelter theory framework, and its findings indicate that both countries need to balance their international relations with shelter provided by different actors. Their size and political and economic capabilities matter in their bilateral and multilateral relations. It is therefore in both countries’ interest to maintain strong cooperation not only with big powers, but also regional and international organisations, depending on their field of action, in order to flourish politically, economically and socially.Gewalt unter der Geburt: Standard - Haftung - Sanktion? (MedR Schriftenreihe Medizinrecht)
Par Marie Von Hirschheydt. 2023
Dieses Buch schließt eine Lücke auf dem Gebiet der rechtlichen Auseinandersetzung im Bereich der Geburtshilfe und Geburtsmedizin. Hierbei eignet es…
sich als zivilrechtliches Nachschlagewerk des geburtshelferischen Wissens sowohl für Rechtsanwender als auch für alle an einer Geburt beteiligten Personen und betritt hierbei Neuland in Bezug auf die rechtliche Beurteilung von geburtshelferischen Interventionen. Unter Berücksichtigung der zivilrechtlichen, strafrechtlichen und rechtshistorischen Aspekte verdeutlicht dieses Werk die Notwendigkeit der intensiven und offenen Auseinandersetzung zwischen Recht und Medizin. Neben den juristisch möglichen Konsequenzen zeigt die Arbeit auch Lösungsansätze auf, wie die Geburtssituation für alle Beteiligten positiver wahrgenommen werden kann und eine Aufarbeitung mit schwierigen Geburten und somit Verbesserung der derzeitigen Situation in der Geburtshilfe bzw. Geburtsmedizin gelingen kann.&“In this precise primer on firearms practices and policies, progressive talk-show host Hartmann examines the history of routine gun usage…
and extreme gun violence and assesses the influence of gun ownership on contemporary political, economic, and social norms…A brief but powerful analysis of a searing national crisis.&” —BooklistThom Hartmann, the most popular progressive radio host in America and a New York Times bestselling author, looks at the real history of guns in America and what we can do to limit both their lethal impact and the power of the gun lobby. Taking his typically in-depth, historically informed view, Hartmann examines the brutal role guns have played in American history, from the genocide of the Native Americans to the enforcement of slavery (Slave Patrols are in fact the Second Amendment's &“well-regulated militias&”) and the racist post–Civil War social order. He shows how the NRA and conservative Supreme Court justices used specious logic to invent a virtually unlimited individual right to own guns, which has enabled the ever-growing number of mass shootings in the United States. But Hartmann also identifies a handful of powerful, commonsense solutions that would break the power of the gun lobby and restore the understanding of the Second Amendment that the Framers of the Constitution intended. This is the kind of brief, brilliant analysis for which Hartmann is justly renowned.The Future of Mental Health, Disability and Criminal Law
Par Piers Gooding, Yvette Maker, Kay Wilson, Jamie Walvisch. 2024
This book brings together contributions from twenty-three world-leading scholars and commentators that address a range of contemporary and pressing international…
themes in mental health, disability and criminal law. The authors use the work of internationally renowned academic, Emeritus Professor Bernadette McSherry, as a springboard to reflect on recent developments in these areas of law and to anticipate the future directions they may take. In doing so, they aim to inform and inspire a new generation of mental health, disability and criminal law scholars, advocates and reformers. The book is divided into four substantive sections: reforming mental health and disability law; regulating coercion and restrictive practices; improving access to justice and the criminal law; and transforming mental health law. It also includes an introduction from the editors and an afterword from Emeritus Professor McSherry. The book is aimed at regulators, policymakers, lawyers, clinicians, consumer advocates and academics who are interested in the urgent and contentious issues surrounding the reform and development of mental health, disability and criminal law. It will help them understand the key issues and problems and presents suggestions for reform. The book is interdisciplinary and international in its focus.Non-state Actors Law-making and Domestic Criminal Law (SpringerBriefs in Law)
Par Dominik Zając. 2024
This book describes how statements made by non-state actors affect the scope of an individual's criminal responsibility and how they…
should be taken into account by domestic criminal courts. Sentencing is only possible on the basis and within the limits of the law. In the 21st century, this law increasingly means regulations formulated by various non-state actors: international organisations, human rights tribunals or statutory bodies. The content of these regulations does not only refer to states, but often has a direct impact on the legal situation of individuals. Two worlds collide here. Strict criminal law is influenced by fluid regulations issued by entities that have not been empowered to exercise the right to punish. The book presents an interpretative method to support the court's inference in the cases outlined above, based on the using the concept of two interrelated norms: the norm of the individual and the norm of the court.This book analyzes cyberdefense from a novel and interdisciplinary perspective, offering solutions for problems that have long impeded a more…
efficient defense. It explains why cyberdefense organized and performed by humans is too slow, too cumbersome, and too ineffective. Combining the analytical capabilities of experts in operations research and management, international security studies, economics, risk analysis, and defense management, the volume addresses these problems of current cyberdefense. The authors present suggestions for the next generation of cyberdefense, explaining why the future defense must focus on speeding up responses, why a single response may not be enough, and why effectiveness requires foresight.This makes the book a must-read for scholars, researchers, intelligence analysts, homeland security staff, and professionals who are interested in learning more about the issues of current cyberdefense, as well as solutions for the next generation of cyberdefense.Faced with evolving trade and health dynamics, this book presents a historical, conceptual, and empirical examination of public health and…
medical procurement in international trade law at a time of emergency. The work argues that the current trade framework is outdated and must be redesigned to suit the new needs of the 21st century. It identifies critical problems within the current international trade system that prevents it from effectively responding to pandemics, as well as to the emerging digital economy. Based on the analysis, the study puts forward specific suggestions to upgrade the current trade rules framework to prepare for future international public health emergencies and further digitalization of health services. The book will be a valuable resource for academics, researchers and policy-makers working in the areas of International Trade Law, Public Health Law and Medical Law.Everyday Magicians: Legal Records and Magic Manuscripts from Tudor England (Magic in History Sourcebooks)
Par Frank Klaassen, Sharon Wright. 2022
Most of the women and men who practiced magic in Tudor England were not hanged or burned as witches, despite…
being active members of their communities. These everyday magicians responded to common human problems such as the vagaries of money, love, property, and influence, and they were essential to the smooth functioning of English society. This illuminating book tells their stories through the legal texts in which they are named and the magic books that record their practices.In legal terms, their magic fell into the category of sin or petty crime, the sort that appeared in the lower courts and most often in church courts. Despite their relatively lowly status, scripts for the sorts of magic they practiced were recorded in contemporary manuscripts. Juxtaposing and contextualizing the legal and magic manuscript records creates an unusually rich field to explore the social aspects of magic practice. Expertly constructed for both classroom use and independent study, this book presents in modern English the legal documents and magic texts relevant to ordinary forms of magic practiced in Tudor England. These are accompanied by scholarly introductions with original perspectives on the subjects. Topics covered include: the London cunning man Robert Allen; magic to identify thieves; love magic; magic for hunting, fishing and gambling, and magic for healing and protection.This book offers a zemiological approach for understanding border control practices, state power, and their social impact. Drawing on an…
ethnographic study on the borderisation of the Mediterranean island of Lampedusa, it explores border harms from the perspective of the non-migrant community. Social Harm at the Border examines a range of social harms associated with border control, and draws on themes of security, racialised humanitarianism, economic harms, environment, and culture. It explores the ways in which borderisation exercises control over both migrants and non-migrants, ensuring that border communities remain subordinated to the power of institutional actors, and it offers a novel framework with which to illuminate and explain border harms and their generative mechanisms. An accessible and compelling read, this book will appeal to students and scholars of criminology, zemiology, sociology, criminal justice, politics, geography, and those interested in the harms caused by border control practices.Achieving Sustainable E-Government in Pacific Island States (Public Administration and Information Technology #27)
Par Rowena Cullen, Graham Hassall. 2017
This book analyzes the common set of obstacles to the development and integration of government Information and Communication Technology (ICT)…
projects and effective e-government initiatives in developing countries. It draws on the expertise and experience of more developed states in the Pacific, notably Australia and New Zealand, both highly rated in global rankings for e-government and active in a variety of e-government development projects across the region. There has been a general failure to identify priorities and align projects with local needs in ICT/e-government projects. Small Island Developing States (or SIDS) present a unique problem in terms of e-government. Not only do they suffer from a common set of barriers to ICT development such as their remoteness, geographical dispersion, moist tropical climates, largely rural populations, and lack of ICT capacity and infrastructure, but are also dependent on external agencies for investment, and must negotiate with powerful donors who have conflicting agendas. E-government is widely regarded as 'transformational', increasing efficiency, productivity, accountability, economic growth, and citizen involvement. But while the governments of SIDS are committed to harnessing ICTs for effective government and economic development, they face major challenges in establishing successful e-government initiatives, due to the problems outlined above, coupled with a lack of HR capacities and appropriate strategies and policies. Drawing on the experience of the states mentioned above, as well as regional quasi-governmental bodies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), aid agencies, and the private sector, the book will be of interest to researchers and students in the fields of e-government, public administration, political science, communication, information science, and social media.The Phenomenological Approach to Social Reality: History, Concepts, Problems (Studies in the Philosophy of Sociality #6)
Par Hans Schmid, Alessandro Salice. 2016
This volume features fourteen essays that examine the works of key figures within the phenomenological movement in a clear and…
accessible way. It presents the fertile, groundbreaking, and unique aspects of phenomenological theorizing against the background of contemporary debate about social ontology and collective intentionality.The expert contributors explore the insights of such thinkers as Martin Heidegger, Edmund Husserl, Adolf Reinach, and Max Scheler. Readers will also learn about other sources that, although almost wholly neglected by historians of philosophy, testify to the vitality of the phenomenological tradition. In addition, the contributions highlight the systematic relevance of phenomenological research by pinpointing its position on social ontology and collective intentionality within the history of philosophy.By presenting phenomenological contributions in a scholarly yet accessible way, this volume introduces an interesting and important perspective into contemporary debate insofar as it bridges the gap between the analytical and the continental traditions in social philosophy. The volume provides readers with a deep understanding into such questions as: What does it mean to share experiences with others? What does it mean to share emotions with friends or to share intentions with partners in a joint endeavor? What are groups? What are institutional facts like money, universities, and cocktail parties? What are values and what role do values play in social reality?Setting Sail into the Age of Digital Local Government: Trends and Best Practices (Public Administration and Information Technology #21)
Par Tony Wohlers, Lynne Bernier. 2016
The Internet and related technologies have dramatically changed the way we live, work, socialize, and even topple national governments. As…
the Internet becomes increasingly pervasive across societies, we find more often that governments adopt Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) as part of their toolbox for facilitating efficient and citizen-oriented service delivery at all levels of government. Local governments across the major industrialized democracies have not been an exception to this trend and have set sail into the age of digital government. Closest to their citizens, towns and cities have adopted ICTs to facilitate electronic government (e-government). While research on local e-government functionality in terms of information dissemination, service delivery, and citizen engagement continues at an impressive empirical and methodological pace, gaps in our knowledge remain. Cross-national comparative research on local e-government that covers a wide range of municipalities in combination with in-depth case study analyses is lacking. Informed by a comparative case study approach, this book seeks to narrow that gap and offer practical policy solutions to facilitate local e-government. We do so by pursuing both a macro and micro perspective of e-government functionality in the federal republics of Germany and the United States and unitary France and Japan. The macro perspective focuses on the state and scope of e-government functionality across a large number of randomly selected municipalities of all sizes in these advanced industrialized countries. Based on a small sample of case studies, the micro perspective analyzes the successful implementation of e-government in Seattle (United States), Nuremberg (Germany), Bordeaux (France), and Shizuoka City (Japan).Europäisches Immaterialgüterrecht: Funktionen und Perspektiven (MPI Studies on Intellectual Property and Competition Law #26)
Par Reto Hilty, Thomas Jaeger. 2018
Das Buch folgt der Ausgangsvermutung, dass die EU nach wie vor keine kohärente Immaterialgüterrechtspolitik verfolgt, sondern über punktuelle, meist anlassbezogene…
Maßnahmen agiert. Die Schutzrechte erfüllen die ihnen zugedachten Funktionen damit oft nicht. Vor allem entfalten sie nicht ihr volles Potenzial für den Binnenmarkt.Untersucht wird, inwieweit die Regelungen der einzelnen Schutzrechte in sich selbst, im Verhältnis zu einander sowie zum sie umgebenden Wettbewerbsrecht, aber auch zum nationalen Recht funktionsadäquat sind.Dieser breit angelegte Gesamtblick auf den Acquis Communautaire erlaubt es aufzuzeigen, wo Handlungsbedarf besteht, wie alternative Regelungen aussehen könnten und welche Mechanismen dafür zur Verfügung stehen.Case Studies in the Ethics of Assisted Reproduction
Par Louise King, Isabelle Band. 2023
This book evaluates some of the most common ethical issues confronted by reproductive endocrinologists, embryologists, and their teams. The authors…
apply core ethical principles and approaches to problem solving to each of the cases raised. This work is a guide for both those on the front lines of patient care as well as for students in the field, whatever their background. By outlining sample cases, the book is an instigator for ethical discussions among ethicists, medical practitioners and students.The untold story of how Authoritarians from the Progressive Era to the present removed all constitutional barriers to the deprivation…
of individual rights, upending the promise of the Declaration of Independence and inviting a new socialist state in America.Policing Distracted Driving: Contemporary Challenges in Roads Policing (Palgrave's Critical Policing Studies)
Par Helen Wells, Leanne Savigar-Shaw. 2023
This book draws on original research and existing theoretical perspectives and frameworks to critically examine the role of roads policing…
and its place within the wider field of policing. It looks at the challenges and complexities of doing roads policing and experiencing roads policing from the perspectives of police officers and the public. It uses distracted driving, and more specifically mobile phone use, as an evidence-based case study for a common issue to examine the contribution it makes to collisions, and the challenges of policing it as a driver behaviour. It also discusses broader issues such as the role of roads policing, police legitimacy, the interpretation of law, the interpretation of risk and generating compliance with the law. It speaks to both policing scholars and practitioners, as well as policy makers and road safety organisations.Einheit und Vielfalt in der Europäischen Union
Par Florian Bieber, Roland Bieber. 2023
In diesem Buch wird untersucht, wie die Europäische Union auf die Herausforderung der Vielfalt reagiert hat. Dabei wird die EU…
als ein komplexes Gemeinwesen betrachtet, das neue Wege gefunden hat, um der Vielfalt gerecht zu werden. Ein Großteil der Literatur über die EU versucht, sie als einen einzigartigen Fall von Zusammenarbeit zwischen Staaten zu identifizieren, der über die klassische internationale Zusammenarbeit hinausgeht. In diesem Band wird argumentiert, dass es für das Verständnis der Bemühungen der EU um den Umgang mit der Vielfalt unter ihren Mitgliedern und Bürgern effektiver ist, die EU als Staat zu betrachten. Die Autoren räumen zwar ein, dass der EU wichtige Aspekte der Staatlichkeit fehlen, zeigen aber, dass die Betrachtung der Bemühungen der EU um ein Gleichgewicht zwischen Vielfalt und Einheit durch die Brille der Staatspolitik ein fruchtbarer Weg ist, um die Union zu verstehen. Anstatt die EU als etwas Unvergleichliches und Einzigartiges zu begreifen, das weder eine internationale Organisation noch ein Staat ist, wird in dem Buch argumentiert, dass die EU als ein Gemeinwesen verstanden werden kann, das viele Ansätze und Strategien mit komplexen und vielfältigen Staaten teilt. Die Bemühungen der EU um den Aufbau politischer Strukturen, die der Vielfalt Rechnung tragen, bieten somit Lehren für andere politische Systeme. Die Erfahrungen der EU tragen dazu bei zu verstehen, wie Staaten und andere Gemeinwesen auf die Herausforderungen der Vielfalt reagieren können, einschließlich der Vielfalt der konstituierenden Einheiten oder der subnationalen Gruppen und Identitäten.