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Astronomy professor identifies common misconceptions about the cosmos. Topics range from false notions regarding distant galaxies to erroneous theories about…
what causes tides and seasons and which planet is the hottest. He emphasizes the origins of incorrect ideas, how to avoid them, and how to change them. 2001Simply Einstein: relativity demystified
Par Richard Wolfson. 2003
Physicist explains for nonscientists the underlying principles of Einstein's theory of relativity. Explores the history of ideas that culminated in…
Einstein's vision of a four-dimensional universe of relativistic space-time. The author anticipates frequently asked questions, discussing time travel, curved space, black holes, and new meanings for past and future. 2003Histoire du monde en sept catastrophes
Par Hervé Ponchelet. 2007
"Si l'on rembobine le film de l'histoire du monde, de l'homme au Big Bang, tout s'enchaîne parfaitement bien. Par le…
jeu de l'évolution biologique, chimique et physique, l'homme apparaît comme l'ultime et imparable aboutissement d'un "projet" en germe dans l'explosion primordiale voici 13,7 milliards d'années. Illusion d'optique ! En réalité, du Big Bang à Homo sapiens, ce ne fut qu'une suite de hasards et de nécessités qui fait de nous, et du monde tel qu'il est, plutôt une incongruité, ou si l'on préfère, un "miracle". De l'explosion originelle, qui manqua de faire "pschitt" comme un pétard mouillé, jusqu'à l'éruption cataclysmique d'un volcan géant à Sumatra, voilà 80 000 ans, qui faillit bien nous rayer de la saga du vivant, Hervé Ponchelet a identifié sept catastrophes principales grâce auxquelles, paradoxalement, nous devons, en dépit de tout, d'être là. C'est cette histoire vraie qui est ici contée, débarrassée des croyances mais intégrant les convergences entre science et mythes, replaçant les découvertes et les découvreurs dans leur contexte et l'évolution des idées, précisément informée mais conçue et rédigée à l'intention du public le plus large. À défaut de savoir où nous allons, sachons mieux d'où nous venons." -- 4e de couvSuperfluid: How a Quantum Fluid Revolutionized Modern Science
Par J. G. Weisend II. 2023
Unless you are a specialist or watch a lot of obscure YouTube videos you have probably never heard of He…
II or superfluid helium. This substance, a unique liquid form of the element helium, is produced and used in multi-ton quantities to enable much of modern science. Altogether, He II is at the heart of more than a dozen large scale scientific facilities world-wide representing an investment of tens of billions of dollars. It cools the magnets and cavities that contain and accelerate the particle beams at the Large Hadron Collider and is also used in accelerators for the study of rare isotopes and nuclear astrophysics. This little known liquid is, in reality, one of the enabling technologies of the future. A manifestation of quantum mechanics, He II exhibits amazing behaviors. It can flow up the side of a container against gravity, it can move through small openings without friction, and it can transfer heat extremely efficiently via a mechanism not seen elsewhere in nature. This book tells the story of He II. It describes the discovery of the fluid, the observation and understanding of its behavior, the development of underlying theory and the evolution of He II from a laboratory curiosity to an industrial-scale coolant. The current and possible future applications of He II are described. Like all science and engineering, the story of He II is a human story and the role that personalities, politics, communication, cooperation and competition play in the development of He II is captured here as well. World-famous physicists such as Lev Landau, Richard Feynman, Peter Kapitza and Kurt Mendelssohn are key players in the story, while secret police from two different countries have a walk-on role. This work is meant for the general reader. Without assuming any expertise in physics, engineering or mathematics, it illuminates for the general public a little-known area of science and engineering and shows why it matters. As it turns out, it’s also a good story.Complex Systems Design & Management: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Complex Systems Design & Management CSD&M 2023 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #1085)
Par Daniel Krob, Xinguo Zhang, Lefei Li, Junchen Yao, Mengyu Guo. 2023
This book contains all refereed papers accepted during the 14th International Conference on Complex Systems Design & Management CSD&M 2023 that took place…
in Beijing, People’s Republic of China by the end October 2023. Mastering complex systems requires an integrated understanding of industrial practices as well as sophisticated theoretical techniques and tools. This explains the creation of an annual go-between European and Asian forum dedicated to academic researchers and industrial actors working on complex industrial systems architecting, modeling and engineering. These proceedings cover the most recent trends in the emerging field of complex systems, both from an academic and professional perspective. A special focus was put this year on “New Trends in Complex Systems Engineering.” The CSD&M series of conferences were initiated under the guidance of CESAM Community in Europe, managed by CESAMES. Its Asian version took place in Singapore for three consecutive sessions during 2014 and 2018. The fourth Asian edition was held in Beijing in hybrid with the Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics (CSAA) as the co-organizer in 2021. Since 2023, its European and Asian conferences merge into one, taking place in China and Europe in turn. CESAM Community aims in organizing the sharing of good practices in systems architecting and model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and certifying the level of knowledge and proficiency in this field through the CESAM certification. The CESAM systems architecting, and model-based systems engineering (MBSE) certification is especially currently the most disseminated professional certification in the world in this domain through more than 3,000 real complex system development projects on which it was operationally deployed and around 10,000 engineers who were trained on the CESAM framework at international level.Computational Simulation in Nanophotonics and Spectroscopy (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
Par Mengtao Sun, Xijiao Mu. 2023
Nanophotonics and spectroscopy has advanced rapidly in recent years. Experimental research on nanophotonics is very active. In addition to experimental…
research on the principles and applications of nanophotonics, computational simulation research on its various physical mechanisms and phenomena is equally important. The simulation of the optical properties of molecules or crystals, such as electronic spectra (absorption and emission spectra, etc.) and vibrational spectroscopy has extraordinary guiding significance for experiments. The current computational simulation technology can also explain and analyze the physical mechanisms behind phenomena. However, among the many computational simulation software programs available, the operation methods and application scenarios are different. The barrier for new users to conduct research with computational simulation is high. Even for researchers with some experience, it is not easy to develop a comprehensive understanding of the various software programs, keywords, programming languages and auxiliary programs. This book serves as an introductory book for beginners to get started with the technology, and a handbook for experienced readers to quickly look up for commands and script usage. It is a handy reference for graduate students and researchers engaged in the study of photonics and optics.How Mechanics Shaped the Modern World: A Contextual Introduction to Concepts and Applications
Par David H. Allen. 2023
This updated and augmented second edition covers the history of mechanics in such a way as to explain how this…
all-important discipline shaped our world. Like the first edition, Dr. Allen presents the material in an engaging, accessible manner, with many historic insights and thorough explanations of attending concepts. The text retains its coverage of classical mechanics, essentially Newtonian mechanics, and adds chapters on three additional topics that go well beyond classical mechanics: relativity, quantum/nanomechanics, and biomechanics.Mixed Boundary Problems in Solid Mechanics (UNITEXT #155)
Par Natalya Vaysfeld, Zinaida Zhuravlova. 2023
The book covers a wide range of subjects and techniques related to mixed boundary problems of elasticity from basic concepts…
to special techniques that are unlikely to appear in traditional university graduate courses. This book may also be of interest to industrial researchers who encounter defects such as cracks and inclusions of different materials in mechanisms under different localization and type of loading. So the topics present the application of mathematical mechanics of solid bodies notably in elasticity, showing the interconnection of elasticity and temperature that would normally treated independently. Theoretical and experimental results are expected to be useful for researchers investigating a wide range of materials including metals, composites, ceramics, polymers, biomaterials and nanomaterials under different mechanical and temperature loading. The aim of the book is to introduce an interdisciplinary audience to a variety of stress state phenomena occurring in elasticity near defects and edges of the bodies. The book is aimed at researchers, primarily but not exclusively graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, specialists from Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Materials Science, and Engineering Mechanics and should naturally also be of interest to specialists of Physics and Applied Mathematics.Addysgu Ffiseg yn yr Uwchradd (Teaching Secondary Physics 3rd Edition Welsh Language edition)
Par The Association Education. 2023
Enhance your teaching with expert advice and support for Key Stages 3 and 4 Physics from the Teaching Secondary series…
- the trusted teacher's guide for NQTs, non-specialists and experienced teachers.Written in association with ASE, this updated edition provides best practice teaching strategies from academic experts and practising teachers.- Refresh your subject knowledge, whatever your level of expertise- Gain strategies for delivering the big ideas of science using suggested teaching sequences- Engage students and develop their understanding with practical activities for each topic- Enrich your lessons and extend knowledge beyond the curriculum with enhancement ideas- Improve key skills with opportunities to introduce mathematics and scientific literacy highlighted throughout- Support the use of technology with ideas for online tasks, video suggestions and guidance on using cutting-edge software- Place science in context; this book highlights where you can apply science theory to real-life scenarios, as well as how the content can be used to introduce different STEM careersAlso available: Teaching Secondary Chemistry, Teaching Secondary BiologyEncyclopedia of Color Science and Technology
Par Renzo Shamey. 2023
This fully revised and expanded 2nd edition provides a single authoritative resource describing the concepts of color and the application…
of color science across research and industry. Significant changes for the 2nd edition include: New and expanded sections on color engineeringMore entries on fundamental concepts of color science and color termsMany additional entries on specific materialsFurther material on optical concepts and human visual perceptionAdditional articles on organisations, tools and systems relevant to colorA new set of entries on 3D presentation of color In addition, many of the existing entries have been revised and updated to ensure that the content of the encyclopedia is current and represents the state of the art. The work covers the full gamut of color: the fundamentals of color science; the physics and chemistry; color as it relates to optical phenomena and the human visual system; and colorants and materials. The measurement of color is described through entries on colorimetry, color spaces, color difference metrics, color appearance models, color order systems and cognitive color. The encyclopedia also has extensive coverage of applications throughout industry, including color imaging, color capture, display and printing, and descriptions of color encodings, color management, processing color and applications relating to color synthesis for computer graphics are included. The broad scope of the work is illustrated through entries on color in art conservation, color and architecture, color and education, color and culture, and biographies of some of the key figures involved in color research throughout history. With over 250 entries from color science researchers across academia and industry, this expanded 2nd edition of the Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology remains the most important single resource in color science.The Unity of Science: Exploring Our Universe, from the Big Bang to the Twenty-First Century
Par Irwin Shapiro. 2023
A journey guided by science that explores the universe, the earth, and the story of life For Irwin Shapiro,…
science starts with questions. This book provides a broad and entertaining survey of major scientific discoveries that have changed our views of nature and, in turn, spawned further questions. Shapiro, an award-winning scientist and beloved teacher, separates his inquiry into three parts: looking up at the universe; looking down at the earth and its fossils; and looking in at the story of life. His framework encourages readers to view science as a detective story—to observe and question nature and natural phenomena, and to base all conclusions on scientific evidence. With his knowledgeable yet conversational approach, Shapiro offers an enjoyable way for the curious to learn about the foundations of a range of scientific topics: the motions of bodies in the cosmos, the history and structure of the earth, the evolution of organisms, and the search for extraterrestrial life and intelligence.An Invitation to Mathematical Biology
Par David G Costa, Paul J Schulte. 2023
The textbook is designed to provide a "non-intimidating" entry to the field of mathematical biology. It is also useful for…
those wishing to teach an introductory course. Although there are many good mathematical biology texts available, most books are too advanced mathematically for most biology majors. Unlike undergraduate math majors, most biology major students possess a limited math background. Given that computational biology is a rapidly expanding field, more students should be encouraged to familiarize themselves with this powerful approach to understand complex biological phenomena. Ultimately, our goal with this undergraduate textbook is to provide an introduction to the interdisciplinary field of mathematical biology in a way that does not overly terrify an undergraduate biology major, thereby fostering a greater appreciation for the role of mathematics in biologyA Relatively Painless Guide to Special Relativity
Par Dave Goldberg. 2023
Serious and accessible—finally the special relativity course book that both physics majors and lifelong learners deserve. Special relativity challenges…
one’s physical intuition of space, time, matter, and energy in a way that few other topics in physics do. Yet the subject is often treated as an extra in undergraduate courses—something to be picked up in a few random lectures and presented as a combination of geometric and logical puzzles (seemingly with the premise of getting the novice student to concede that Einstein was a genius and that the universe is weird). But special relativity is absolutely fundamental to modern physics. It is the canvas on which electromagnetism, particle physics, field theory, and ultimately general relativity are based. For physics students, developing a relativistic intuition isn’t just a luxury: it’s a requirement. Physicist and popular author Dave Goldberg provides a rigorous but conversational introduction to fill this void in spacetime education. Employing the standard calculus a sophomore or junior university student in science, engineering, or computer science will have encountered, Goldberg connects relativity to a student’s work ahead, acquainting them with topics like tensors, the development of new physical theories, and how relativity directly relates to other disciplines. But more than this, Goldberg welcomes lifelong learners who may have encountered special relativity in popular accounts, but are seeking a mathematical challenge to understand an elegant physical theory.The History of Our Universe in 21 Stars: (That You Can Spot in the Night Sky)
Par Giles Sparrow. 2023
Previously published as A History of the Universe in 21 Stars.'REVISED AND UPDATED ___'A wonderful book about the science, history…
and mythology of 21 stars (and 3 impostors).' Dr David WhitehouseLook up on a clear evening, and you'll see thousands of stars shining in the night sky, each telling a story of their own. With star maps to help easily identify key celestial bodies, astronomer Giles Sparrow takes 21 stars (and three impostors) to look at what each pinprick of light can tell us about the birth, life and death of our universe.From red giants to supernovae and from stellar cities to our own Sun, The History of Our Universe in 21 Stars shows how the lights we see in the sky can help us unravel the mysteries of the cosmos.'Beautifully written and extremely accessible ... It's extremely difficult to put down! Gemma LavenderModified and Quantum Gravity: From Theory to Experimental Searches on All Scales (Lecture Notes in Physics #1017)
Par Claus Lämmerzahl, Christian Pfeifer. 2023
This book discusses theoretical predictions and their comparison with experiments of extended and modified classical and quantum theories of gravity.…
The goal is to provide a readable access and broad overview over different approaches to the topic to graduate and PhD students as well as to young researchers. The book presents both, theoretical and experimental insights and is structured in three parts. The first addresses the theoretical models beyond special and general relativity such as string theory, Poincare gauge theory and teleparallelism as well as Finsler gravity. In turn, the second part is focused on the observational effects that these models generate, accounting for tests and comparisons which can be made on all possible scales: from the universe as a whole via binary systems, stars, black holes, satellite experiments, down to laboratory experiments at micrometer and smaller scales. The last part of this book is dedicated to quantum systems and gravity, showing tests of classical gravity with quantum systems, and coupling of quantum matter and gravity.This book highlights recent developments in the field of computer simulation and its application to social dynamics and behaviour. It…
covers latest advancements in the use of agent-based modelling by focusing on thematic issues, methodological progress and applications, including policy, industry and business. It aims to promote this interdisciplinary type of research by showing synergies, complementary and integration especially between computer sciences, social sciences, economics and organization, often bridging qualitative and quantitative research. The primary audience of this book are academics, practitioners and professionals using computer simulation for business counselling or industry.Problems of Geocosmos—2022: Proceedings of the XIV Conference and School (Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences)
Par Andrei Kosterov, Evgeniya Lyskova, Irina Mironova, Sergey Apatenkov, Sergey Baranov. 2023
Problems of Geocosmos conference proceedings series provide a snapshot of current research in a broad area of Earth Sciences carried…
out in Russia and elsewhere. Themes covered include solar physics, physics of magnetosphere, ionosphere and atmosphere, solar-terrestrial coupling links, seismology and geodynamics, paleomagnetism and rock magnetism, as well as cross-disciplinary studies. The proceedings are carefully edited, providing a panoramic outlook of a broad area of Earth Sciences. The readership includes colleague researchers, students and early career scientists. The proceedings will help the readers to look at their research fields from various points of view. Problems of Geocosmos conferences are held by Earth Physics Department, St. Petersburg University bi-annually since 1994. It is one of the largest forums of this kind in Russia/former Soviet Union attracting up to 200 researchers in Earth and magnetospheric physics.Imago Cosmi: The Vision of the Cosmos and the History of Astronomical Machines (Astronomers' Universe)
Par Daniele L. Marini. 2023
This book takes the reader on an exploration of the Cosmos, from Mesopotamia and Egypt to China; it unveils the…
fascinating development of astronomy and mathematics. After an overview of the origins of these subjects, highlighting the contributions of Greek astronomers, the Arab culture, and Copernicus' solar system model, the book delves into the revolutionary work of Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, and Isaac Newton, leading to a comprehensive understanding of the solar system. Special attention is given to the instruments used by ancient astronomers, including the most important astronomical clocks and planetary machines. In light of this, the author examines Kepler's almost unknown design of a planetary machine and offers an interpretation using virtual reality techniques. The book also highlights the Chinese view of the Cosmos and the evolution of its astronomy and astronomical machines, offering readers a unique perspective and insight into the relationship between astronomy and technology in different cultures. Finally, the author provides a practical approach to understanding the construction and mechanics of astronomical machines, exploring the process of designing and manufacturing a Tellurium. The reading is enriched with short videos of the Tellurium, along with a translation of the description of the planetary machine by Christian Huygens. In addition, it provides a unique glimpse into the religious influences on astronomical studies during the mid-1700s through the translation of Johann Albrecht Bengel's book Cyclus. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the history of science and technology. It appeals to astronomers, mathematicians, physicists, and historians of science and technology alike, providing fascinating descriptions and insightful analysis of the vision of the Cosmos from its earliest conceptions to the present day.The book presents the most relevant research of the participants of the VII International Conference of Young Scientists "Complex Investigation…
of the World Ocean" (CIWO-2023). This conference was held at Saint Petersburg State University in May 15-19, 2023 (Saint Petersburg, Russia). It covers a wide range of fundamental and applied marine and limnology studies combined in eight sections: Ocean Physics, Ocean Biology, Ocean Chemistry, Marine Geology, Marine Geophysics, Marine Ecology and Environmental Management, Physical and Biological interactions (interdisciplinary section), Oceanological Technology and Instrumentation. The aim of this book is to show the relevance of the marine research due to the crucial role of the World Ocean in determining climate change on Earth, huge resources (fish resources, oil, gas and ore deposits, etc.) and intensive development of infrastructure in coastal and offshore zones. All these topics were marked within the framework of realization of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030). The studies presented in the book covers the wide spectrum of different the most important marine and limnology issues: thermohaline structure of water body and interactions between ocean and atmosphere, dynamic of the ocean, marine ice in polar regions, biodiversity of the marine ecosystems, adaptation of marine life to climate changes, geological and geophysical investigations in oil and gas regions, sedimentation, paleooceanology and biostratigraphy, hydrochemistry of estuary regions and carbon fluxes, microplastic pollution of the ocean, eutrophication and etc.From Silos to Network: A New Kind of Science for Managing Complexity (SpringerBriefs in Complexity)
Par Domenico Lepore, Angela Montgomery, Giovanni Siepe, Francesco Siepe. 2023
This book provides the conceptual framework and a comprehensive guide to the principles, methods and tools for managing organizations. The…
authors introduce “New Knowledge” by presenting a methodology, 'The Decalogue’, that portrays a genuinely systemic approach for managing complexity in organizations and Value Chains through focusing on the management of a leverage point called constraint (Theory of Constraints) and the understanding of variation (Theory of Profound Knowledge). This systemic approach leverages the intrinsic process and project-based nature of the work of organizations. Functional hierarchy is replaced by a network-like structure, driven by the goal of the system and governed by a new design of the organization called “Network of Projects”. The transition towards the Network of Projects requires a cognitive shift in the way we view and put to good use human talent and ingenuity as well as a powerful algorithm to orchestrate and synchronize individual competencies.The authors discuss at length this algorithm, how the Theory of Constraints helps in the cognitive challenges of this shift and also how technology can be used fruitfully to assist with the operational implications. The target audience for this book is made up of leaders and managers of organizations as well as researchers and practitioners in the field of management and organizational design.