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Police and the Empire City: Race and the Origins of Modern Policing in New York
Par Matthew Guariglia. 2023
During the years between the Civil War and World War II, police in New York City struggled with how to…
control a diverse metropolis. In Police and the Empire City Matthew Guariglia tells the history of the New York Police Department to show how its origins were built upon and inseparably entwined with the history of race, ethnicity, and whiteness in the United States. Guariglia explores the New York City Police Department through its periods of experimentation and violence as police experts imported tactics from the US occupation of the Philippines and Cuba, devised modern bureaucratic techniques to better suppress Black communities, and infiltrated supposedly unknowable immigrant neighborhoods. Innovations ranging from recruiting Chinese, Italian, and German police to form “ethnic squads” to the use of deportation and federal immigration restrictions to control local crime—even the introduction of fingerprinting—were motivated by attempts to govern a multiracial city. Campaigns to remake the police department created an urban landscape where power, gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, crime, and bodies collided and provided a foundation for the supposedly color-blind, technocratic, federally backed, and surveillance-based policing of today.In this book, "Asian Organized Crime and the Anglosphere," the author uncovers the multifaceted phenomenon of Asian Organized Crime (AOC)…
and its profound impact on nation-states, with particular emphasis on English-speaking countries. From the United States and Canada, to the United Kingdom, to Australia and New Zealand; each chapter delves into the intricate dynamics and transnational operations of Asian criminal groups. The book explores the diverse responses and strategies employed by these countries, shedding light on the categories of AOC, ranging from traditional criminal activities rooted in Asian countries to high-tech transnational crimes that have rapidly expanded into Western nations. Readers will gain insights into the presence and impact of prominent Asian criminal groups operating within the Anglosphere. Focusing on national and homeland security implications, this book equips professionals, students, practitioners, and academics with the knowledge to understand, counter, and combat Asian organized crime.Policing Distracted Driving: Contemporary Challenges in Roads Policing (Palgrave's Critical Policing Studies)
Par Helen Wells, Leanne Savigar-Shaw. 2023
This book draws on original research and existing theoretical perspectives and frameworks to critically examine the role of roads policing…
and its place within the wider field of policing. It looks at the challenges and complexities of doing roads policing and experiencing roads policing from the perspectives of police officers and the public. It uses distracted driving, and more specifically mobile phone use, as an evidence-based case study for a common issue to examine the contribution it makes to collisions, and the challenges of policing it as a driver behaviour. It also discusses broader issues such as the role of roads policing, police legitimacy, the interpretation of law, the interpretation of risk and generating compliance with the law. It speaks to both policing scholars and practitioners, as well as policy makers and road safety organisations.Quo Vadis, Sovereignty?: New Conceptual and Regulatory Boundaries in the Age of Digital China (Philosophical Studies Series #154)
Par Marina Timoteo, Barbara Verri, Riccardo Nanni. 2023
This book presents an interdisciplinary exploration of digital sovereignty in China, which are addressed mainly from political, legal and historical…
point of views. The text leverages a large number of native Chinese experts among the authors at a time when literature on China’s involvement in internet governance is more widespread in the so-called “West”. Numerous Chinese-language documents have been analysed in the making of this title and furthermore, literature conceptualising digital sovereignty is still limited to journal articles, making this one of the earliest collective attempts at defining this concept in the form of a book. Such characteristics position this text as an innovative academic resource for students, researchers and practitioners in international relations (IR), law, history, media studies and philosophy.This book examines the language policies in the constitutions, legal statutes, and regulations of Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, the Faroe…
Islands, and Greenland. In these countries and territories, modern descendants of Old Norse (North Germanic) are spoken today: Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, and Faroese. In addition, there are regions of Scandinavia where speakers of minority languages were conquered or incorporated, with their languages suppressed or neglected, as well as recent developments in the status and use of English, and immigrant populations who do not speak a Scandinavian language as their native language. This book adopts a comparative approach to trace the development of language policies and rights in Scandinavia, and it will be of interest to students as well as scholars of European and Scandinavian studies, applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, education, political science, and law.Generationenübergreifende Analyse von Straftätern und die Rolle der emotionalen Intelligenz im Strafjustizsystem (essentials)
Par Otilia Gudana, Sabrina Stamborski. 2024
Im Jahr 1996 wurde Gewalt weltweit zum Gesundheitsproblem erklärt und identifiziert. Das Risiko von Mord und Selbstmord erreichte epidemische Ausmaße…
und betraf bestimmte Bevölkerungsgruppen, darunter Jugendliche und Angehörige von Minderheitengruppen. Die Selbstmordraten bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen (15 bis 24 Jahre) haben sich zwischen 1950 und 1990 fast verdreifacht. Ebenso haben sich die Mordraten bei 15- bis 19-jährigen Männern von 1985 bis 1991 fast verdoppelt. Diese Trends löste weltweit Alarm aus und verlangten nach neuen Lösungen.Die Motivation dieses Buches bestand darin, das Niveau der emotionalen Intelligenz von Kriminellen in Gefängnissen und in forensischen psychiatrischen Einrichtungen zu vergleichen. Das Hauptziel dieser Analyse besteht darin, sich auf Empfehlungen zum Training emotionaler Intelligenz zu konzentrieren, um die epidemische Gewaltraten von Insassen auf globaler Ebene zu senken.Understanding Homeland Security
Par Gus Martin. 2024
Gus Martin′s Understanding Homeland Security, 4th edition offers much-needed insight into the complex nature of issues surrounding modern homeland security.…
This comprehensive textbook examines the theories, agency missions, laws, and regulations governing the homeland security enterprise through the lens of threat scenarios and countermeasures related to terrorism, natural disasters, emergency management, cyber security, and much more. Martin′s pedagogical approach is designed to stimulate critical thinking in readers, allowing them to not only comprehend the fundamentals, but to analyze and respond to various threat environments. The Fourth Edition introduces readers to homeland security in the modern era, focusing particularly on the post - September 11, 2001 world. Exploring cutting-edge topics, this book keeps readers on the forefront of homeland security.Understanding Homeland Security
Par Gus Martin. 2024
Gus Martin′s Understanding Homeland Security, 4th edition offers much-needed insight into the complex nature of issues surrounding modern homeland security.…
This comprehensive textbook examines the theories, agency missions, laws, and regulations governing the homeland security enterprise through the lens of threat scenarios and countermeasures related to terrorism, natural disasters, emergency management, cyber security, and much more. Martin′s pedagogical approach is designed to stimulate critical thinking in readers, allowing them to not only comprehend the fundamentals, but to analyze and respond to various threat environments. The Fourth Edition introduces readers to homeland security in the modern era, focusing particularly on the post - September 11, 2001 world. Exploring cutting-edge topics, this book keeps readers on the forefront of homeland security.Race, Ethnicity, and Policing: New and Essential Readings
Par Stephen Rice, Michael White. 2010
From Rodney King and “driving while black” to claims of targeting of undocumented Latino immigrants, relationships surrounding race, ethnicity, and…
the police have faced great challenge. Race, Ethnicity, and Policing includes both classic pieces and original essays that provide the reader with a comprehensive, even-handed sense of the theoretical underpinnings, methodological challenges, and existing research necessary to understand the problems associated with racial and ethnic profiling and police bias. This path-breaking volume affords a holistic approach to the topic, guiding readers through the complexity of these issues, making clear the ecological and political contexts that surround them, and laying the groundwork for future discussions. The seminal and forward-thinking twenty-two essays clearly illustrate that equitable treatment of citizens across racial and ethnic groups by police is one of the most critical components of a successful democracy, and that it is only when agents of social control are viewed as efficient, effective, and legitimate that citizens will comply with the laws that govern their society. The book includes an introduction by Robin S. Engel and contributions from leading scholars including Jeffrey A. Fagan, James J. Fyfe, Bernard E. Harcourt, Delores Jones-Brown, Ramiro Martínez, Jr., Karen F. Parker, Alex R. Piquero, Tom R. Tyler, Jerome H. Skolnick, Ronald Weitzer, and many others.Car bombing, suicide bombing, abduction, smuggling, homicide, and hijacking are all profoundly criminal acts. In Terrorism as Crime Mark S.…
Hamm presents an understanding of terrorism from a criminological point of view, arguing that the most successful way to understand, detect, prosecute and deter these acts is to use conventional criminal investigation methods. Whether in Oklahoma City or London, Terrorism as Crime demonstrates that criminal activity is the lifeblood of terrorist groups and that there are simple common denominators at work that can remove the mystery surrounding many of these terrorist groups. Once understood the vulnerabilities of these organizations can be exposed.This important volume focuses in on six case studies of crimes committed by jihad and domestic right wing groups, including biographies of more than two dozen terrorists along with descriptions of their organizations, strategies, and terrorist plots. Terrorism as Crime offers an original and significant framework for explaining international and domestic terrorism, as well as how future acts might be detected or exposed.Juveniles possess less maturity, intelligence, andcompetence than adults, heightening their vulnerability in the justice system.For this reason, states try juveniles…
in separate courts and use differentsentencing standards than for adults. Yet, when police bring kids in forquestioning, they use the same interrogation tactics they use for adults,including trickery, deception, and lying to elicit confessions or to produceincriminating evidence against the defendants.In Kids, Cops, and Confessions, Barry Feld offers thefirst report of what actually happens when police question juveniles. Drawingon remarkable data, Feld analyzes interrogation tapes and transcripts, policereports, juvenile court filings and sentences, and probation and sentencingreports, describing in rich detail what actually happens in the interrogationroom. Contrasting routine interrogation and false confessions enables police,lawyers, and judges to identify interrogations that require enhanced scrutiny,to adopt policies to protect citizens, and to assure reliability and integrityof the justice system. Feld has produced an invaluable look at how the justicesystem really works.Sex Fiends, Perverts, and Pedophiles: Understanding Sex Crime Policy in America
Par Chrysanthi Leon. 2011
From Megan’s Law to Jessica’s Law, almost every state in the nation has passed some law to punish sex offenders.…
This popular tough-on-crime legislation is often written after highly-publicized cases have made the gruesome rounds through the media, and usually features harsh sentences, lifetime GPS monitoring, a dramatic expansion of the civil commitment procedures, and severe restrictions on where released sex offenders may live. In Sex Fiends, Perverts, and Pedophiles, Chrysanthi Leon argues that, while the singular notion of the sexual boogeyman has been used to justify these harsh policies, not all sex offenders are the same and such ‘one size fits all’ policies can unfairly punish other offenders of lesser crimes, needlessly targeting, sometimes ostracizing, citizens from their own communities.While many recognize that prison is not the right tool for every crime problem, Leon compellingly argues that the U.S. maintains a one-size-fits-all approach to sexual offending which is undermining public safety. Leon explains how we’ve reached this point—with a large incarcerated sex offender population, many of whom will be released in the coming years with multiple barriers to their success in the community, and without much expertise to guide them or to guide those who are charged to help them. Leon argues that we cannot blame the public, nor even the politicians, except indirectly. Instead, we might blame the institutions we charge with making placement decisions and with the experts—both those who have chosen to work in the field and those who have caused its marginalization. Ultimately, Leon shows that when policies intended for the worst offenders take over, all of us suffer.Narrative Criminology: Understanding Stories of Crime (Alternative Criminology Ser. #17)
Par Sveinung Sandberg, Lois Presser. 2015
Explores the role of stories in criminal culture and justice systems around the world Stories are much more than a…
means of communication—stories help us shape our identities, make sense of the world, and mobilize others to action. In Narrative Criminology, prominent scholars from across the academy and around the world examine stories that animate offending. From an examination of how criminals understand certain types of crime to be less moral than others, to how violent offenders and drug users each come to understand or resist their identity as ‘criminals’, to how cultural narratives motivate genocidal action, the case studies in this book cover a wide array of crimes and justice systems throughout the world. The contributors uncover the narratives at the center of their essays through qualitative interviews, ethnographic fieldwork, and written archives, and they scrutinize narrative structure and meaning by analyzing genres, plots, metaphors, and other components of storytelling. In doing so, they reveal the cognitive, ideological, and institutional mechanisms by which narratives promote harmful action. Finally, they consider how offenders’ narratives are linked to and emerge from those of conventional society or specific subcultures. Each chapter reveals important insights and elements for the development of a framework of narrative criminology as an important approach for understanding crime and criminal justice. An unprecedented and landmark collection, Narrative Criminology opens the door for an exciting new field of study on the role of stories in motivating and legitimizing harm.Winner, 2020 ACJS Outstanding Book Award, given by the Academy of Criminal Justice SciencesA major statement on the juvenile justice…
system by one of America’s leading expertsThe juvenile court lies at the intersection of youth policy and crime policy. Its institutional practices reflect our changing ideas about children and crime control. The Evolution of the Juvenile Court provides a sweeping overview of the American juvenile justice system’s development and change over the past century. Noted law professor and criminologist Barry C. Feld places special emphasis on changes over the last 25 years—the ascendance of get tough crime policies and the more recent Supreme Court recognition that “children are different.”Feld’s comprehensive historical analyses trace juvenile courts’ evolution though four periods—the original Progressive Era, the Due Process Revolution in the 1960s, the Get Tough Era of the 1980s and 1990s, and today’s Kids Are Different era. In each period, changes in the economy, cities, families, race and ethnicity, and politics have shaped juvenile courts’ policies and practices. Changes in juvenile courts’ ends and means—substance and procedure—reflect shifting notions of children’s culpability and competence.The Evolution of the Juvenile Court examines how conservative politicians used coded racial appeals to advocate get tough policies that equated children with adults and more recent Supreme Court decisions that draw on developmental psychology and neuroscience research to bolster its conclusions about youths’ reduced criminal responsibility and diminished competence. Feld draws on lessons from the past to envision a new, developmentally appropriate justice system for children. Ultimately, providing justice for children requires structural changes to reduce social and economic inequality—concentrated poverty in segregated urban areas—that disproportionately expose children of color to juvenile courts’ punitive policies.Historical, prescriptive, and analytical, The Evolution of the Juvenile Court evaluates the author’s past recommendations to abolish juvenile courts in light of this new evidence, and concludes that separate, but reformed, juvenile courts are necessary to protect children who commit crimes and facilitate their successful transition to adulthood.Convicted and Condemned: The Politics and Policies of Prisoner Reentry
Par Keesha Middlemass. 2017
Winner, W. E. B. DuBois Distinguished Book Award presented by the National Conference of Black Political ScientistsExamines the lifelong consequences…
of a felony conviction through the compelling words of former prisonersFelony convictions restrict social interactions and hinder felons’ efforts to reintegrate into society. The educational and vocational training offered in many prisons are typically not recognized by accredited educational institutions as acceptable course work or by employers as valid work experience, making it difficult for recently-released prisoners to find jobs. Families often will not or cannot allow their formerly incarcerated relatives to live with them. In many states, those with felony convictions cannot receive financial aid for further education, vote in elections, receive welfare benefits, or live in public housing. In short, they are not treated as full citizens, and every year, hundreds of thousands of people released from prison are forced to live on the margins of society. Convicted and Condemned explores the issue of prisoner reentry from the felons’ perspective. It features the voices of formerly incarcerated felons as they attempt to reconnect with family, learn how to acclimate to society, try to secure housing, find a job, and complete a host of other important goals. By examining national housing, education and employment policies implemented at the state and local levels, Keesha Middlemass shows how the law challenges and undermines prisoner reentry and creates second-class citizens. Even if the criminal justice system never convicted another person of a felony, millions of women and men would still have to figure out how to reenter society, essentially on their own. A sobering account of the after-effects of mass incarceration, Convicted and Condemned is a powerful exploration of how individuals, and society as a whole, suffer when a felony conviction exacts a punishment that never ends.Meth Wars: Police, Media, Power (Alternative Criminology Ser. #11)
Par Travis Linnemann. 2016
How the War on Drugs is maintained through racism,authority and public opinion. From the hit television series Breaking Bad, to…
daily news reports, anti-drug advertising campaigns and highly publicized world-wide hunts for “narcoterrorists” such as Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman, the drug, methamphetamine occupies a unique and important space in the public’s imagination. In Meth Wars, Travis Linnemann situates the "meth epidemic" within the broader culture and politics of drug control and mass incarceration.Linnemann draws together a range of examples and critical interdisciplinary scholarship to show how methamphetamine, and the drug war more generally, are part of a larger governing strategy that animates the politics of fear and insecurity and links seemingly unrelated concerns such as environmental dangers, the politics of immigration and national security, policing tactics, and terrorism. The author’s unique analysis presents a compelling case for how the supposed “meth epidemic” allows politicians, small town police and government counter-narcotics agents to engage in a singular policing project in service to the broader economic and geostrategic interests of the United States.Denial: How We Hide, Ignore, and Explain Away Problems
Par Jared Del Rosso. 2022
From climate change to fake news, an entertaining and enlightening look at the widespread phenomenon of denial in our societyDonald…
Trump won the election; climate change isn’t real; America is a color-blind country. Despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary, why do so many of us refuse to admit the truth? In fact, as Jared Del Rosso argues in this thought-provoking book, denial is so much a part of our lives that we deny its existence all the time, even when this works against our best interest, even when we are being choked by its very fumes. Denial is one of those rare books that will change the way you think. In a highly readable style that draws on examples from current events, politics, and pop culture, Del Rosso teases out the complexities of denial, from “not noticing” that someone has food stuck in their teeth, to companies that engage in widespread fraud, like Enron and Wells Fargo, to the much larger-scale denials of climate change or systemic racism. Drawing on classic studies in the social sciences and his own research of the denial of torture, Del Rosso builds a fascinating typology of the forms and meanings of denial, exploring the behavior of those who refuse to acknowledge their actions, and what it means to live in a society where such lying, fraud, and corruption is commonplace.In wide-ranging examples, Del Rosso explores the causes, strategies, and consequences of denial. When scandal hits and accusations of misconduct are made, he argues that individuals like Harvey Weinstein or Brett Kavanaugh, or organizations like the Catholic Church or Penn State, go through a series of moves to try to avoid accountability. Del Rosso focuses on the individuals involved but also asks: how could so many people not know what their priests, or their coaches, or their coworkers were doing? Del Rosso effectively argues that recognizing what denial looks like is the crucial first step in mitigating its effects on us and society as a whole. At a time when powerful people and institutions are increasingly being held accountable for their actions, Denial provides an undeniable reality check.Evaluating Police Uses of Force
Par Seth Stoughton, Jeffrey Noble, Geoffrey Alpert. 2020
Provides a critical understanding and evaluation of police tactics and the use of forcePolice violence has historically played an important…
role in shaping public attitudes toward the government. Community trust and confidence in policing have been undermined by the perception that officers are using force unnecessarily, too frequently, or in problematic ways. The use of force, or harm suffered by a community as a result of such force, can also serve as a flashpoint, a spark that ignites long-simmering community hostility.In Evaluating Police Uses of Force, legal scholar Seth W. Stoughton, former deputy chief of police Jeffrey J. Noble, and distinguished criminologist Geoffrey P. Alpert explore a critical but largely overlooked facet of the difficult and controversial issues of police violence and accountability: how does society evaluate use-of-force incidents? By leading readers through answers to this question from four different perspectives—constitutional law, state law, administrative regulation, and community expectations—and by providing critical information about police tactics and force options that are implicated within those frameworks, Evaluating Police Uses of Force helps situate readers within broader conversations about governmental accountability, the role that police play in modern society, and how officers should go about fulfilling their duties.Silence: A Social History of One of the Least Understood Elements of Our Lives
Par Jane Brox. 2018
From the author of the &“dazzling epic&”* Brilliant, a compelling history of silence as a powerful shaper of the human mind—in…
prisons, in places of contemplation, and in our own lives Through her evocative intertwined histories of the penitentiary and the monastery, Jane Brox illuminates the many ways silence is far more complex than any absolute; how it has influenced ideas of the self, soul, and society. Brox traces its place as a transformative power in the monastic world from Medieval Europe to the very public life of twentieth century monk Thomas Merton, whose love for silence deepened even as he faced his obligation to speak out against war. This fascinating history of ideas also explores the influence the monastic cell had on one of society&’s darkest experiments in silence: Eastern State Penitentiary. Conceived of by one of the Founding Fathers and built on the outskirts of Philadelphia, the penitentiary&’s early promulgators imagined redemption in imposed isolation, but they badly misapprehended silence&’s dangers. Finally, Brox&’s rich exploration of silence&’s complex and competing meanings leads us to imagine how we might navigate our own relationship with silence today, for the transformation it has always promised, in our own lives. *TimeFrontiers in Developmental and Life-Course Criminology: Methodological Innovation and Social Benefit (Criminology at the Edge)
Par Catia Malvaso, Tara Renae McGee, and Ross Homel. 2024
Frontiers in Developmental and Life-Course Criminology advances the field of developmental and life-course criminology (DLC) by highlighting some recent methodological…
innovations, and exploring the ways in which DLC criminologists are helping to bridge the gap between science and service by their engagement with policymakers and government and non-government agencies. The book is united by three related themes: the use of new data sources including government administrative data systems, the development of intervention and prevention strategies grounded in DLC research, and resilience, prosocial behaviour, and strengths-based approaches. This book opens up new possibilities for the future of DLC research, orienting the DLC field as one that prioritises the achievement of better outcomes for individuals and society.