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The Bad-Ass Librarians of Timbuktu: And Their Race to Save the World's Most Precious Manuscripts
Par Joshua Hammer. 2016
To save ancient Arabic texts from Al Qaeda, a band of librarians pulls off a brazen heist worthy of Ocean&’s…
Eleven in this &“fast-paced narrative that is…part intellectual history, part geopolitical tract, and part out-and-out thriller&” (The Washington Post) from the author of The Falcon Thief.In the 1980s, a young adventurer and collector for a government library, Abdel Kader Haidara, journeyed across the Sahara Desert and along the Niger River, tracking down and salvaging tens of thousands of ancient Islamic and secular manuscripts that were crumbling in the trunks of desert shepherds. His goal: preserve this crucial part of the world&’s patrimony in a gorgeous library. But then Al Qaeda showed up at the door. &“Part history, part scholarly adventure story, and part journalist survey…Joshua Hammer writes with verve and expertise&” (The New York Times Book Review) about how Haidara, a mild-mannered archivist from the legendary city of Timbuktu, became one of the world&’s greatest smugglers by saving the texts from sure destruction. With bravery and patience, Haidara organized a dangerous operation to sneak all 350,000 volumes out of the city to the safety of southern Mali. His heroic heist &“has all the elements of a classic adventure novel&” (The Seattle Times), and is a reminder that ordinary citizens often do the most to protect the beauty of their culture. His the story is one of a man who, through extreme circumstances, discovered his higher calling and was changed forever by it.Interpreting the Qur'an: Towards a Contemporary Approach
Par Abdullah Saeed. 2006
How is the Qur'an - central to all Muslim societies - to be understood today in order to meet the…
needs of these societies? Abdullah Saeed, a distinguished Muslim scholar, explores the interpretation of the ethico-legal content of the Qur'an, whilst taking into consideration the changing nature of the modern world.Saeed explores the current debates surrounding the interpretation of the Qur'an, and their impact on contemporary understanding of this sacred text. Discussing the text's relevance to modern issues without compromising the overall framework of the Qur'an and its core beliefs and practices, he proposes a fresh approach, which takes into account the historical and contemporary contexts of interpretation.Inspiring healthy debate, this book is essential reading for students and scholars seeking a contemporary approach to the interpretation of the Qur'anic text.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.Leaving Islam, Ex-Muslims and Zemiology
Par Weronika Lenartowicz. 2024
Cases of ex-Muslims in Europe being punished by their former fellow Muslims constitute an unacceptable practice from the standpoint of…
democratic societies in which human rights are respected and individuals have the freedom to choose their religion, or none at all. Ex-Muslims’ fear of punishment by their former community should prompt an open, candid, and measured discussion of the issue.Leaving Islam, Ex-Muslims and Zemiology presents the reasons for and consequences of consciously leaving Islam, based on interviews with 80 ex-Muslims currently living in Germany and Sweden. In their view, many of the practices and beliefs of Islam are harmful and unfair. Many parts of the Islamic world regard apostasy as treason or a crime. As a result, emphasis in the book is shifted from “crime” to “harm” and a thesis is put forward concerning the “decriminalization” of apostasy from the perspective of zemiology. The book highlights how a broader shift of interest in the democratic structures of Europe could allow ex-Muslims to join the discussion on the guaranteed right to religious liberties and freedom of speech in the context of the apostasy law in Islam. This should happen without fear for their own security and without facing potential suppression or social exclusion. It will appeal to scholars with interest in Islam and the conflict between religious values and an individual’s aspirations and needs.God's Battalions: The Case for the Crusades
Par Rodney Stark. 2009
In God’s Battalions, distinguished scholar Rodney Stark puts forth a controversial argument that the Crusades were a justified war waged…
against Muslim terror and aggression. Stark, the author of The Rise of Christianity, reviews the history of the seven major crusades from 1095-1291 in this fascinating work of religious revisionist history.Diese Publikation handelt von der Beziehung zwischen dem Staat und dem Islam im allgemein-politischen und im schulischen Kontext, wobei der…
Islam neben anderen islamischen Institutionen in erster Linie von der Islamischen Glaubensgemeinschaft in Österreich (IGGÖ) vertreten wird. Der IGGÖ – ebenso wie anderen Kirchen und Religionsgesellschaften (KuR) – werden im österreichischen Religionsrechtssystem weitreichende Autonomierechte eingeräumt, vor allem in der Schule in Form eines konfessionellen Religionsunterrichts (RU). Zur Erforschung dieser Beziehung in der Schule wird ein rechts- und politikwissenschaftlicher Blick auf die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen und die soziale Wirklichkeit des Islams und des RU der IGGÖ (IRU) in Wiener Mittelschulen geworfen. Konsequenterweise wird auch auf die verschiedenen involvierten Akteur*innen geblickt, insb. auf muslimische Schüler*innen und Eltern, Religionslehrer*innen, Fachinspektor*innen und sonstige Autoritäten der IGGÖ sowie Schuldirektor*innen, Bildungsdirektionen und das Bildungsministerium. Dafür wurden im Rahmen einer qualitativen Sozialforschung sieben (Schul-)Autoritäten der IGGÖ (IGGÖ-SA) als ‚Vertreter*innen des Islams‘ und sechs Wiener Mittelschuldirektor*innen (MSD) als ‚staatliche Vertreter*innen‘ interviewt. Die Interviews verfolgten drei Zwecke: 1) die Ergründung negativer rechtlicher, politischer, gesellschaftlicher und religionsgesellschaftlicher Einflussfaktoren auf die allgemeine Beziehung zwischen dem Staat und dem Islam bzw. der IGGÖ (und den Muslim*innen); 2) die Erhebung von Herausforderungen, Spannungen und Konflikten sowie Idealvorstellungen in der schulpolitischen, -bürokratischen, -organisatorischen, individuellen und korporativen Beziehungsdimension, sowie 3) die Erforschung von persönlichen Einstellungen und Haltungen von IGGÖ-SA und MSD zum Islam und dem IRU in der Schule sowie – vonseiten der IGGÖ-SA – zum Staat und der Gesellschaft. Während der dritte Zweck in dieser Publikation nur eine untergeordnete Rolle einnimmt, liegt das Hauptaugenmerk auf den abstrahierten Spannungsfeldern des 'gelebten Rechts' im Sinne der sozialen Wirklichkeit in den entsprechenden Beziehungsdimensionen, die in einer rechtssoziologischen Analyse dem normativem Recht gegenübergestellt und entlang idealtypischer Einstellungen und Haltungen auf Ursachen, Wirkungen und Lösungen untersucht werden. Die Analysethemen umfassen mitunter die Einbeziehung von Fachinspektor*innen für Religion in die Bildungsdirektionen, den Streit über die Abkürzung der IGGÖ für die Eintragung in Zeugnisse, die Schwierigkeiten in der Organisation mit dem RU, das (religiöse) Verhalten muslimischer Schüler*innen und Eltern in der Schule sowie die Grenzen der Lehre im IRU im Rahmen der staatsbürgerlichen Erziehung. Diesbezügliche Idealvorstellungen zu den Herausforderungen ermöglichen abschließend aus einer sozialintegrativen und pluralistischer Perspektive der IGGÖ-SA die Konturierung eines Österreichischen Islams bzw. eines idealtypischen IRU.Islamic Religious Authority in a Modern Age: Australian and Global Perspectives
Par Shaheen Amid Whyte. 2024
This book situates Australian Muslim experiences of religious authority within the global context of Islam in the modern world. While…
drawing on examples of Muslim-majority states, new empirical findings indicate the growing diversity of Muslim religious actors in Australia, as well as the contextual realities shaping the way religious authority is legitimised and contested in democratic and authoritarian environments. In particular, the study challenges homogenous articulations of Islamic religious authority in unearthing new voices, epistemologies and socio-political factors shaping Muslim attitudes and experiences of religious authority. The book fills important gaps in the field, such as intra-Muslim relations, female religious authority, digital Islam and the relationship between traditional ulama, reformists and Muslim intellectuals in the West.Russian Hajj: Empire and the Pilgrimage to Mecca
Par Eileen Kane. 2015
In the late nineteenth century, as a consequence of imperial conquest and a mobility revolution, Russia became a crossroads of…
the hajj, the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca. The first book in any language on the hajj under tsarist and Soviet rule, Russian Hajj tells the story of how tsarist officials struggled to control and co-opt Russia's mass hajj traffic, seeing it as not only a liability but also an opportunity. To support the hajj as a matter of state surveillance and control was controversial, given the preeminent position of the Orthodox Church. But nor could the hajj be ignored, or banned, due to Russia's policy of toleration of Islam. As a cross-border, migratory phenomenon, the hajj stoked officials' fears of infectious disease, Islamic revolt, and interethnic conflict, but Eileen Kane innovatively argues that it also generated new thinking within the government about the utility of the empire's Muslims and their global networks.Accounting, Capitalism and the Revealed Religions: A Study of Christianity, Judaism and Islam
Par Vassili Joannidès de Lautour. 2017
This book analyses the bearing of global monotheistic faiths towards the philosophy and practice of record keeping and accounting throughout history. The author…
offers a comprehensive discussion of the literal and figurative processes of taking account and ascribing accountability that link religions such as Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Chapters address theology and accounting in tandem with social behaviours to demonstrate how auditing and calculating customs permeate practising religions. This book first highlights how the four monotheisms have viewed and incorporated accounting historically, and then looks forward to the accounting debates, technologies and traditions in today’s world that derive from these religious customs. Drawing heavily on the writings of Max Weber and Werner Sombart, the author demonstrates that accounting and capitalism have religious roots far beyond the Protestant ethic.Moral Atmospheres: Islam and Media in a Pakistani Marketplace (Religion, Culture, and Public Life #51)
Par Timothy P. Cooper. 2024
Lahore’s Hall Road is the largest electronics market in Pakistan. Once the center of film and media piracy in South…
Asia, it now specializes in smartphones and accessories. For Hall Road’s traders, conflicts between the economic promises and the moral dangers of film loom large. To reconcile their secular trade with their responsibilities as devoted Muslims, they often look to adjudicate the good or bad moral “atmosphere” (mahaul) that can cling to film and media.Timothy P. A. Cooper examines the diverse and coexisting moral atmospheres that surround media in Pakistan, tracing public understandings of ethical life and showing how they influence economic behavior. Drawing on extensive ethnographic work among traders, consumers, collectors, archivists, cinephiles, and cinephobes, Moral Atmospheres explores varied views on what the relationship between film and faith should look, sound, and feel like for Pakistan’s Muslim-majority public. Cooper considers the preservation and censorship of film in and outside of the state bureaucracy, contestations surrounding heritage and urban infrastructure, and the production and circulation of sound and video recordings among the country’s religious minorities. He argues that a focus on atmosphere provides ways of seeing moral thresholds as mutable and affective, rather than as fixed ethical standpoints. At once a vivid ethnography of a market street and a generative theorization of atmosphere, this book offers fresh perspectives on moral experience and the relationship between religion and media.This book claims a discursive space in academic scholarship for knowledges and ways of knowing that capture the diversity, complexity…
and full humanness of Australian Muslim women’s subjectivities. It draws on in-depth conversational interviews with 20 Australian Muslim women from various ethnic backgrounds during which the women shared their experiences of being at the crossroads of their religious, gendered, racialised and ethnic identities. The book puts forward a decolonial feminist border methodology by weaving the work of decolonial feminist philosophers Maria Lugones and Gloria Anzaldúa with postmodern feminist thinking on subjectivity and with discourse analysis. This methodology is used to centre and attend to the fluidity and plurality of Muslim women’s subjectivities, at the intersections of race, ethnicity, patriarchy, gender, sexuality and Islam.This book explores everyday realities of young Muslim women in Britain, who are portrayed as antithetical to the British way…
of life in media and political discourse. The book captures how geo-political events, and national tragedies continue to implicate individuals and communities at the domestic and local level, communities that have no connection to such tragedies and events, other than being associated with a religio-ethnic identity. The author shows how Muslim women are caught within the spectrum of the vulnerable-fanatic, always perceived to be ‘at risk’ of being 'radicalized'. Focusing on educated Muslim females, the book explores experiences of Islamophobia and securitization inside and outside educational institutions, and highlights individual and group acts of resistance through dialogue, with Muslim women challenging the metanarrative of insecurity and suspicion that plagues their everyday existence in Britain. Islamophobia and Securitization will be of interest to scholars and students researching Muslims in the West, in particular sociologists, anthropologists, and political scientists. It will also appeal to analysts and academics researching security and terrorism, race and racialization, as well as gender, immigration, and diaspora.Religious Cultures in Early Modern India: New Perspectives (Routledge South Asian History and Culture Series)
Par Rosalind O’Hanlon and David Washbrook. 2012
Religious authority and political power have existed in complex relationships throughout India’s history. The centuries of the ‘early modern’ in…
South Asia saw particularly dynamic developments in this relationship. Regional as well as imperial states of the period expanded their religious patronage, while new sectarian centres of doctrinal and spiritual authority emerged beyond the confines of the state. Royal and merchant patronage stimulated the growth of new classes of mobile intellectuals deeply committed to the reappraisal of many aspects of religious law and doctrine. Supra-regional institutions and networks of many other kinds - sect-based religious maths, pilgrimage centres and their guardians, sants and sufi orders - flourished, offering greater mobility to wider communities of the pious. This was also a period of growing vigour in the development of vernacular religious literatures of different kinds, and often of new genres blending elements of older devotional, juridical and historical literatures. Oral and manuscript literatures too gained more rapid circulation, although the meaning and canonical status of texts frequently changed as they circulated more widely and reached larger lay audiences.Through explorations of these developments, the essays in this collection make a distinctive contribution to a critical formative period in the making of India’s modern religious cultures.This book was published as a special issue of South Asian History and Culture.The Attributes of God in Islamic Thought: Contemplating Allah (Routledge Studies in Islamic Philosophy)
Par Mansooreh Khalilizand. 2024
The debate over Allah’s attribute—the “nature” and the inner articulation of Allah—is one of the focal debates in the intellectual…
history of Islam. This edited collection aims to highlight and examine some aspects of this debate in their original context, based on the relevant primary literature.By showing that even an apparently self-evident concept such as Allah, which lies at the heart of every reading of Islam, is highly ambiguous and polysemous, the chapters also emphasise the plurality that has always existed in Islamic thought. Through highlighting the philosophical and theological reflections on the concept of Allah, the results of this study challenge the juristic reading of Islam, in which Allah’s function consists mainly in providing a detailed plan for the human life and also rewarding or punishing the ones who deviates from it. The book also attempts to demonstrate the relevance and the actuality of the tradition and to stress its contemporaneity.This volume makes a significant part of the intellectual tradition of Islam accessible for students and scholars of Islamic theology, Islamic philosophy, Islamic studies and the like, as well as providing a secondary source for teaching on the debate in question.In this book, Farhaan Wali offers an historical investigation of how the Islamist group Hizb ut-Tahrir rose and fell in…
Britain. Although the book focuses on the UK, it is contextualized in the globalised nature of the group. In other words, Hizb ut-Tahrir was exported from the Muslim world to the UK, where it rapidly grew amongst disaffected young Muslims. The book draws on narratives from the founding figures of the UK branch of Hizb ut-Tahrir, generating insight into how Hizb ut-Tahrir emerged, developed, and declined in the UK.Die vorliegende Arbeit wirft einen eingehenden Blick auf die Konfrontation der Charedim mit der politischen Moderne. Die Charedim sind eine…
jüdisch-orthodoxe Gruppe, die sich auf traditionelle religiöse Lehren beruft und kritisch gegenüber Grundprinzipien der Moderne wie Demokratie, Gleichheit und Autonomie eingestellt sind. Darüber hinaus lehnen sie moderne jüdische Strömungen, wie den Zionismus und das Reformjudentum, als ketzerisch ab. Ihr Streben nach Bewahrung einer imaginierten Tradition im Kontext der Moderne und ihr erzwungenes Einfügen darin prägt ihr Dasein und ihr Handeln.Lintl untersucht ihre Auseinandersetzung mit anderen jüdischen Strömungen sowohl in der Zeit vor der Gründung des Staates Israel als auch seit 1948. Zudem zeigt der Autor wie sich die Charedim den Herausforderungen eines jüdischen und demokratischen Nationalstaats stellen müssen. Dabei werden politische und ideologische Konflikte ebenso analysiert wie der wachsende politische Einfluss ihrer Parteien auf den Staat.Diese Herangehensweise wird in einen Rahmen eingebettet, der sich von den herkömmlichen Analyserastern abhebt. Insbesondere werden Fundamentalismustheorien, ihre theoretischen Vereinfachungen und normativen Vorurteile kritisch betrachtet. Stattdessen verdeutlicht Lintl, dass der religiös-politische Komplex nur dann angemessen verstanden wird, wenn der Übergang von einer achsenkulturell geprägten Logik zur Moderne betrachtet wird. Dabei verdeutlicht Lintl, was an der politischen Moderne im Kern säkular ist, warum „Religion“ im heutigen Sinne erst durch die Moderne geschaffen wurde, inwiefern es religiöse Kontinuitäten in der Moderne gibt und weshalb diese eine Herausforderung für religiöse Bewegungen darstellt.Hire Purchase Under Shirkah al-Milk (HPSM) in Islamic Banking and Finance: A Shari'ah Analysis
Par Muhammad Mostofa Hossain, M. Kabir Hassan, Aishath Muneeza. 2023
HPSM is a modern financial contract that comprises shirkah (partnership), ijarah (lease), and sale contracts. In the HPSM contract, ownership…
of the asset is jointly held by the bank and the client. The client makes regular instalments. During the contract, the client is granted to use the asset as long as he meets specific conditions. Upon the completion of all instalments, the asset becomes the property of the client. This book seeks to shed light on the fundamental concept of HPSM, including the policies, regulations, and subsidiary contracts that play a vital role in its practical application. It provides a thorough exploration of the documentation and accounting procedures, while also addressing potential Shari’ah-related issues in HPSM, and will be of potential interest to students, researchers, policymakers and practitioners, offering a comprehensive understanding of how HPSM is applied within the Islamic finance industry.Ms. Marvel's America: No Normal
Par Jessica Baldanzi and Hussein Rashid. 2020
Contributions by José Alaniz, Jessica Baldanzi, Eric Berlatsky, Peter E. Carlson, Sika A. Dagbovie-Mullins, Antero Garcia, Aaron Kashtan, Winona Landis,…
A. David Lewis, Martin Lund, Shabana Mir, Kristin M. Peterson, Nicholaus Pumphrey, Hussein Rashid, and J. Richard Stevens Mainstream superheroes are becoming more and more diverse, with new identities for Spider-Man, Captain America, Thor, and Iron Man. Though the Marvel-verse is becoming much more racially, ethnically, and gender diverse, many of these comics remain shy about religion. The new Ms. Marvel, Kamala Khan, is a notable exception, not only because she is written and conceived by two women, Sana Amanat and G. Willow Wilson, but also because both of these women bring their own experiences as Muslim Americans to the character. This distinct collection brings together scholars from a range of disciplines including literature, cultural studies, religious studies, pedagogy, and communications to engage with a single character, exploring Khan’s significance for a broad readership. While acknowledged as the first Muslim superhero to headline her own series, her character appears well developed and multifaceted in many other ways. She is the first character to take over an established superhero persona, Ms. Marvel, without a reboot of the series or death of the original character. The teenager is also a second-generation immigrant, born to parents who arrived in New Jersey from Pakistan. With essays from and about diverse voices on an array of topics from fashion to immigration history to fandom, this volume includes an exclusive interview with Ms. Marvel author and cocreator G. Willow Wilson by gender studies scholar Shabana Mir.Jews and Muslims in German Print Media: Integration and Multiculturalism Versus Antisemitism and Islamophobia
Par Jolanda van der Noll, Katharina F. Gallant. 2024
This book uses a comparative research design to analyze the reporting on the Jewish minority and the Muslim minority in German…
newspapers from 2010-2019, asking whether minorities are truly treated as equals in the reporting of the mainstream German media. After providing historical and socio-political context for both groups as minority populations in Germany, the authors make use of qualitative and quantitative methods to examine sentiment and determine whether the media demonstrates a unifying or a well-differentiated portrayal of the two groups. The findings show that reporting on these groups is not as unbiased as many in Germany believe. Drawing on frameworks including the needs-based model of reconciliation, the revised integrated threat theory, and the model of acculturation strategies, the book then discusses the implications for both journalistic reporting and broader social policies in support of a constructive encounter of dominant andnon-dominant groups in a diverse society. This book will be of interest to scholars and students in the field of migration, integration and intergroup relations, as well as those in communication, media studies, and discourse analysis.Matrilineal, Matriarchal, and Matrifocal Islam: The World of Women-Centric Islam (Palgrave Series in Islamic Theology, Law, and History)
Par Abbas Panakkal, Nasr M Arif. 2024
Around the world, Islamic cultures have developed distinctive matrilineal, matrifocal, matrilocal, or matriarchal natures as a result of how they…
have been practised by integrated and indigenised Muslim communities. In matrilineal descent systems, in contrast to the more common mosaic of patrilineal patterns, children belong to the mother’s ancestry group. Matrilineal Muslims therefore follow a social system in which people are identified with their mother's lineage, and the inheritance of property as well as succession are transferred through the matriline. This volume focuses on matrilineal, matrifocal and matriarchal Muslims and their unique folk natures, integrated social structures, adopted legal systems, and so on. It provides a unique perspective for understanding global Muslim communities that have succeeded in integrating the matrilineal tenets of local practices with religion, adhering to essential Islamic values in a way that makes traditional women-centred cultures acceptable to mainstream Islam.Gender, Islam and Sexuality in Contemporary Indonesia (Engaging Indonesia)
Par Monika Arnez, Melani Budianta. 2024
This Open Access book explores the complex interplay between gender, Islam and sexuality in Indonesia, the country with the world's…
largest Muslim population. The authors offer a fresh look at the tensions between the local and the global through a wide range of cultural expressions and productions, including fashion, Islamic dating, popular literature, and videos on YouTube. The book is grouped around three core themes: sexuality and violence, halal lifestyle, and shame and self-determination. The first section unpacks how activists and progressive religious scholars have argued for the need for the Sexual Violence Bill and it examines the ambivalence between criminalisation and care towards LGBTQ+ people. In the second, the authors bring new insights into how local expressions of Islam, gender and sexuality are negotiated in an increasingly globalised world. The contributions on the third theme tackle gender roles and mobility in culturally diverse regions such as Hong Kong,Taiwan, Singapore, the US, and Indonesia. "The volume is a must-read for anyone wanting to get up to speed on changes in Indonesia's gender, sexuality and Islamic landscape." - Professor Sharyn Graham Davies, Director of the Herb Feith Indonesia Engagement Centre, Monash University, Australia "A showcase of excellent research, this book is of appeal to Indonesian studies scholars, and to readers in the field of Asian cultural studies. It is also of relevance to the field of Asian gender and sexuality studies, and to scholars in Islamic studies." - Professor Pamela Nilan, University of Newcastle, Australia