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Investigating Life in the Universe: Astrobiology and the Search for Extraterrestrial Life
Par Christopher Walker. 2023
This textbook gives a lively introduction to the search for extraterrestrial life. It is a guidebook to understanding the possibility…
of life elsewhere, pointing out landmarks and providing background information to facilitate further exploration of those areas of most interest to the reader. We are a planet of winners – winners of a cosmic lottery that has been in play since the universe began approximately 13.7 billion years ago. Our winnings include sentience and an underlying unease that has driven us to contemplate our place in the universe and the possibility of finding kindred spirits in the cosmos spreading out before us. To understand our origins and the possibility of life beyond Earth, we must look back and retrace the steps that have brought us to this point in space and time. In doing so, we will find the investigation of life to be a unifying theme in nature, requiring us to touch on all branches of the tree of knowledge. Using the Drake Equation as a theme, we begin with an overview of the topic and then go into the story of how we have acquired, or plan to acquire, the knowledge to solve it. As we make our journey, we will encounter some very interesting people – some you will likely know, while others may be new to you. Keep an open mind and allow this text to be your guide. Written in an engaging style, this textbook provides a foundational understanding of the rapidly advancing fields associated with the search for life in the universe. Each chapter includes illustrative figures and review questions for self-study. It will appeal to professionals, researchers, instructors, and undergraduate students, as well as anyone with an interest in astrophysics or astrobiology.Active Particles, Volume 2: Advances in Theory, Models, and Applications (Modeling and Simulation in Science, Engineering and Technology)
Par Nicola Bellomo, Pierre Degond, Eitan Tadmor. 2019
This volume compiles eight recent surveys that present state-of-the-art results in the field of active matter at different scales, modeled…
by agent-based, kinetic, and hydrodynamic descriptions. Following the previously published volume, these chapters were written by leading experts in the field and accurately reflect the diversity of subject matter in theory and applications. Several mathematical tools are employed throughout the volume, including analysis of nonlinear PDEs, network theory, mean field approximations, control theory, and flocking analysis. The book also covers a wide range of applications, including:Biological network formationSocial systemsControl theory of sparse systemsDynamics of swarming and flocking systemsStochastic particles and mean field approximationsMathematicians and other members of the scientific community interested in active matter and its many applications will find this volume to be a timely, authoritative, and valuable resource.Nonlinear X-Ray Spectroscopy for Materials Science (Springer Series in Optical Sciences #246)
Par Iwao Matsuda, Ryuichi Arafune. 2023
X-ray experiments have been used widely in materials science, and conventional spectroscopy has been based on linear responses in light–matter…
interactions. Recent development of ultrafast light sources of tabletop lasers and X-ray free electron lasers reveals nonlinear optical phenomena in the X-ray region, and the measurement signals have been found to carry a further wealth of information on materials. This book overviews such nonlinear X-ray spectroscopy and its related issues for materials science. Each chapter is written by pioneers in the field and skillfully reviews the topics of nonlinear spectroscopy including X-ray multi-photon absorption and X-ray second harmonic generation. The chapters are divided depending on photon wavelength, ranging from extreme ultraviolet to (soft) X-ray. To facilitate readers’ comprehensive understanding, some of the chapters cover the conventional linear X-ray spectroscopy and basic principles of the non-linear responses. The book is mainly accessible as a primer for junior/senior- or graduate-level readers, and it also serves as a useful reference or guide even for established researchers in optical spectroscopy. The book offers readers opportunities to benefit from cutting-edge research in this new area of nonlinear X-ray spectroscopy.What If?: Serious Scientific Answers to Absurd Hypothetical Questions
Par Randall Munroe. 2014
THE SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLERFrom the creator of the wildly popular xkcd.com, hilarious and informative answers to important questions you probably…
never thought to ask.Millions visit xkcd.com each week to read Randall Munroe's iconic webcomic. Fans ask him a lot of strange questions: How fast can you hit a speed bump, driving, and live? When (if ever) did the sun go down on the British Empire? When will Facebook contain more profiles of dead people than living? How many humans would a T Rex rampaging through New York need to eat a day?In pursuit of answers, Munroe runs computer simulations, pores over stacks of declassified military research memos, solves differential equations and consults nuclear reactor operators. His responses are masterpieces of clarity and hilarity, complemented by comics. They often predict the complete annihilation of humankind, or at least a really big explosion.A Short Introduction to Mathematical Concepts in Physics
Par Jim Napolitano. 2024
Mathematics is the language of physics and yet, mathematics is an enormous subject. This textbook provides an accessible and concise…
introduction to mathematical physics for undergraduate students taking a one semester course. It assumes the reader has studied a year of introductory physics and three semesters of basic calculus, including some vector calculus, but no formal training in differential equations or matrix algebra. It equips readers with the skills and foundational knowledge they need for courses that follow in classical mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, and thermal physics. This book exposes students early on to the kinds of mathematical manipulations they will need in upper-level courses in physics. It can also serve as a useful reference for their further studies. Key features: Accompanied by homework problems and a solutions manual for instructors, available upon qualifying course adoption Bridges the gap between calculus and physics, explaining fundamental mathematics (differentiation, integration, infinite series) in physical terms Explores quick extensions into mathematics useful in physics, not typically taught in math courses, including the Gamma Function, hyperbolic functions, Gaussian integrals, Legendre polynomials, functions of a complex variable, and probability distribution functionsTensor Analysis and Elementary Differential Geometry for Physicists and Engineers (Mathematical Engineering #21)
Par Hung Nguyen-Schäfer, Jan-Philip Schmidt. 2017
This book presents tensors and differential geometry in a comprehensive and approachable manner, providing a bridge from the place where…
physics and engineering mathematics end, and the place where tensor analysis begins. Among the topics examined are tensor analysis, elementary differential geometry of moving surfaces, and k-differential forms. The book includes numerous examples with solutions and concrete calculations, which guide readers through these complex topics step by step. Mindful of the practical needs of engineers and physicists, book favors simplicity over a more rigorous, formal approach. The book shows readers how to work with tensors and differential geometry and how to apply them to modeling the physical and engineering world.The authors provide chapter-length treatment of topics at the intersection of advanced mathematics, and physics and engineering: • General Basis and Bra-Ket Notation• Tensor Analysis• Elementary Differential Geometry• Differential Forms• Applications of Tensors and Differential Geometry• Tensors and Bra-Ket Notation in Quantum MechanicsThe text reviews methods and applications in computational fluid dynamics; continuum mechanics; electrodynamics in special relativity; cosmology in the Minkowski four-dimensional space time; and relativistic and non-relativistic quantum mechanics.Tensor Analysis and Elementary Differential Geometry for Physicists and Engineers benefits research scientists and practicing engineers in a variety of fields, who use tensor analysis and differential geometry in the context of applied physics, and electrical and mechanical engineering. It will also interest graduate students in applied physics and engineering.Fibre Optic Communication: Key Devices (Springer Series in Optical Sciences #161)
Par Herbert Venghaus, Norbert Grote. 2017
The book gives an in-depth description of key devices of current and next generation fibre optic communication networks. Devices treated…
include semiconductor lasers, optical amplifiers, modulators, wavelength filters and other passives, detectors, all-optical switches, but relevant properties of optical fibres and network aspects are included as well. The presentations include the physical principles underlying the various devices, technologies used for their realization, typical performance characteristics and limitations, but development trends towards more advanced components are also illustrated. This new edition of a successful book was expanded and updated extensively. The new edition covers among others lasers for optical communication, optical switches, hybrid integration, monolithic integration and silicon photonics. The main focus is on Indium phosphide-based structures but silicon photonics is included as well. The book covers relevant principles, state-of-the-art implementations, status of current research as well as expected future components.Von der Quantenphysik zum Bewusstsein: Kosmos, Geist und Materie
Par Thomas Görnitz, Brigitte Görnitz. 2016
Was verstehen wir unter Bewusstsein? Was sind die Grundprinzipien der Quantentheorie? Welcher Zusammenhang besteht zwischen beiden?In ihrem neuen Buch erläutern…
Brigitte und Thomas Görnitz ausführlich das Konzept der „Protyposis“, einer abstrakten Quanteninformation. Diese einfachste Quantenstruktur bildet die Basis für eine zur Einheit führende naturwissenschaftliche Beschreibung sowohl der Materie als auch des Bewusstseins. Damit wird die Trennung zwischen Leib und Seele überwunden und es wird deutlich, wie untrennbar verwoben die Bereiche der Quantentheorie und der Psychologie im Grunde sind.Das Buch führt den Leser auf eine spannende Reise zum Bewusstsein und zeigt, wie der Weg dorthin von der Kosmologie über die biologische Evolution bis zum Menschen durch die Quantentheorie verstehbar gemacht werden kann.Gemeinsam präsentieren die Autoren Themenkomplexe aus Quantentheorie, Lebenswissenschaft und Psychologie und schaffen so ein informatives Werk über die naturwissenschaftlichen Zusammenhänge der Wirklichkeit.The Edge of Knowledge: Unsolved Mysteries of the Cosmos
Par Lawrence Krauss. 2023
Lawrence Krauss explores the greatest unanswered questions at the forefront of science today, and likely for the coming century and…
beyond.Internationally known theoretical physicist and bestselling author Lawrence Krauss explores science&’s greatest unanswered questions. Three of the most important words in science are &“I don't know.&” Not knowing implies a Universe of opportunities—the possibility of discovery and surprise. Our understanding of science has advanced immeasurably over the last five hundred years, yet many fundamental mysteries of existence persist: How did our Universe begin? How big is the Universe? Is time travel possible? What&’s at the center of a black hole? How did life on Earth arise? Are we alone? What is consciousness, and can we create it? These mysteries define the scientific forefront—the threshold of the unknown. To explore that threshold is to gain a deeper understanding of just how far science has progressed. Covering time, space, matter, life, and consciousness, Krauss introduces readers to topics that will shape the state of science for the next century, providing us all passport to our own journeys of exploration and discovery.Defects and Impurities in Silicon Materials: An Introduction to Atomic-Level Silicon Engineering (Lecture Notes in Physics #916)
Par Guido Langouche, Yutaka Yoshida. 2015
This book emphasizes the importance of the fascinating atomistic insights into the defects and the impurities as well as the…
dynamic behaviors in silicon materials, which have become more directly accessible over the past 20 years. Such progress has been made possible by newly developed experimental methods, first principle theories, and computer simulation techniques. The book is aimed at young researchers, scientists, and technicians in related industries. The main purposes are to provide readers with 1) the basic physics behind defects in silicon materials, 2) the atomistic modeling as well as the characterization techniques related to defects and impurities in silicon materials, and 3) an overview of the wide range of the research fields involved.Optomechanics with Quantum Vacuum Fluctuations (Springer Theses)
Par Zhujing Xu. 2024
This thesis presents the first realization of non-reciprocal energy transfer between two cantilevers by quantum vacuum fluctuations. According to quantum…
mechanics, vacuum is not empty but full of fluctuations due to zero-point energy. Such quantum vacuum fluctuations can lead to an attractive force between two neutral plates in vacuum – the so-called Casimir effect – which has attracted great attention as macroscopic evidence of quantum electromagnetic fluctuations, and can dominate the interaction between neutral surfaces at small separations. The first experimental demonstration of diode-like energy transport in vacuum reported in this thesis is a breakthrough in Casimir-based devices. It represents an efficient and robust way of regulating phonon transport along one preferable direction in vacuum. In addition, the three-body Casimir effects investigated in this thesis were used to realize a transistor-like three-terminal device with quantum vacuum fluctuations. These two breakthroughs pave the way for exploring and developing advanced Casimir-based devices with potential applications in quantum information science. This thesis also includes a study of the non-contact Casimir friction, which will enrich the understanding of quantum vacuum fluctuations.The overall goal of the book is to provide access to the regularized solution of inverse problems relevant in geophysics…
without requiring more mathematical knowledge than is taught in undergraduate math courses for scientists and engineers. From abstract analysis only the concept of functions as vectors is needed. Function spaces are introduced informally in the course of the text, when needed. Additionally, a more detailed, but still condensed introduction is given in Appendix B.A second goal is to elaborate the single steps to be taken when solving an inverse problem: discretization, regularization and practical solution of the regularized optimization problem. These steps are shown in detail for model problems from the fields of inverse gravimetry and seismic tomography. The intended audience is mathematicians, physicists and engineers having a good working knowledge of linear algebra and analysis at the upper undergraduate level.Physik und Finanzen
Par Volker Ziemann. 2023
Dieses Buch führt Physikstudenten in die Konzepte und Methoden der Finanzwissenschaft ein. Obwohl die Finanzwissenschaft als recht weit von der…
Physik entfernt wahrgenommen wird, teilt sie eine Reihe gemeinsamer Methoden und Ideen, die in der Regel mit Rauschen und Unsicherheiten zu tun haben. Durch die Gegenüberstellung der wichtigsten Methoden mit Anwendungen in der Physik und im Finanzwesen werden sowohl die Unterschiede als auch die Gemeinsamkeiten deutlich, was den Studierenden ein tieferes Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden Ideen vermittelt. Darüber hinaus lernen sie eine Reihe nützlicher mathematischer und rechnerischer Werkzeuge kennen, wie stochastische Differentialgleichungen, Pfadintegrale, Monte-Carlo-Methoden und grundlegende Kryptologie. Jedes Kapitel endet mit einer Reihe sorgfältig ausgearbeiteter Übungen, mit denen die Leser ihr Verständnis überprüfen können.The Earth is not the world it once was, and it is not the world it will always be. This…
book describes the exciting, complex, and occasionally baffling history of our own planet. Over the course of its 4.5 billion years, Earth has undergone astonishing changes to its surface and atmosphere, at times more closely resembling other planets in our Solar System than the habitable, teeming biosphere of today. Through these otherworldly analogs, author-illustrator Michael Carroll teaches readers about different aspects of our own planet’s past. Our nearest cosmic neighbor, Venus, offers insights into Earth’s own young atmosphere and surface, while Saturn’s moon Titan may offer a window into the genesis of life on Earth. Planet Earth, Past and Present explores these and many more connections. Original art accompanies each chapter, depicting major stages of the Earth’s evolution and providing vivid comparisons to other planets or moons. Come along on this journey through the Solar System—a journey that ultimately leads us home.God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question?
Par Dick Teresi, Leon Lederman. 2006
A Nobel Prize–winning physicist&’s &“funny, clever, entertaining&” account of the history of particle physics and the hunt for a Higgs…
boson (Library Journal). In this extraordinarily accessible and witty book, Leon Lederman—&“the most engaging physicist since the late, much-missed Richard Feynman&” (San Francisco Examiner)—offers a fascinating tour that takes us from the Greeks&’ earliest scientific observations through Einstein and beyond in an inspiring celebration of human curiosity. It ends with the quest for the Higgs boson, nicknamed the God Particle, which scientists hypothesize will help unlock the last secrets of the subatomic universe. This is not only an enlightening journey through baryons and hadrons and leptons and electrons—it also &“may be the funniest book about physics ever written&” (The Dallas Morning News). &“One of the clearest, most enjoyable new science books in years . . . explains the entire history of physics and cosmology. En route, you&’ll laugh so hard you won&’t realize how much you are learning.&” —San Francisco Examiner &“The story of the search for the ultimate constituents of matter has been told many times before, but never with more verve and wit. . . . His hilarious account of how he helped persuade President Reagan to approve the construction of the Super Collider is itself worth the price of the book.&” —Los Angeles TimesUnstable Nature: Order, Entropy, Becoming
Par Auro Perego. 2024
Unstable Nature is a popular science book offering a journey through the concept of instability in modern science with a…
focus on physics. Conceived for the curious reader wishing to go deeper in the fascinating and not yet popularised world of instabilities, it provides an immersion into paradoxical and unexpected phenomena - some of which hides in plain sight in our daily lives. The book is written without technical jargon, and new concepts and terminology needed for the narrative are introduced gradually based on examples taken from accessible everyday life. The chapters are connected through a path that starts from exploring instabilities at the planetary scale and then passes through a description of unstable dynamics in macroscopic settings such as in human mechanical artifacts, fluid waves, animal skin, vegetation structures, and chemical reactions, finally reaching the sub atomic scale and the biological processes of human thought. Before concluding with some general philosophical remarks, a modern landscape about the possibility of seeing instabilities not only as a detrimental effect but as resources to be harnessed for technology is explored. The book is enriched by a variety of professional anecdotes stemming from the direct research experience of the author. It features numerous connections of scientific concepts presented with other branches of the human experience and knowledge including philosophy, engineering, history of science, biology, chemistry, mathematics and computer science, poetry, and meditation. Key Features: Presents an exciting introduction to the topic, which is accessible to those without a scientific background Explores milestone discoveries in the history of the concept of instability in physics Contains anecdotes of key figures from the field, including James C. Maxwell, Alan Turing, Vladimir Zakharov, Edward Lorenz, Enrico Fermi, and Mary TsingouAdvanced Technologies and the Management of Disruptive Supply Chains: The Post-COVID Era (Understanding Complex Systems)
Par Hassan Qudrat-Ullah, Syed Ali. 2023
The book explores cost-effective and efficient supply chain management to achieve resilience in the post-COVID environment. Qualitative, quantitative, case studies,…
and systematic literature reviews are made in the book. The book follows a didactic approach through which it informs global researchers and practitioners to deal with the most significant insights on future supply chains with a more in-depth analysis of post-COVID opportunities and challenges. In particular, this book provides an in-depth assessment of disruptive supply chain management in certain industrial contexts and explores various Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 technologies to achieve resilience. The book is used as a supplemental textbook for study within university level programs, at late undergraduate and graduate levels, in faculties of business and management, engineering systems, information systems, education, and computing.Data Driven Guide to the Analysis of X-ray Photoelectron Spectra using RxpsG
Par Giorgio Speranza. 2025
This book provides a theoretical background to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and a practical guide to the analysis of the…
XPS spectra using the RxpsG software, a powerful tool for XPS analysis. Although there are several publications and books illustrating the theory behind XPS and the origin of the spectral feature, this book provides an additional practical introduction to the use of RxpsG. It illustrates how to use the RxpsG software to perform specific key operations, with figures and examples which readers can reproduce themselves. The book contains a list of theoretical sections explaining the appearance of the various spectral features (core‑lines, Auger components, valence bands, loss features, etc.). They are accompanied by practical steps, so readers can learn how to analyze specific spectral features using the various functions of the RxpsG software. This book is a useful guide for researchers in physics, chemistry, and material science who are looking to begin using XPS, in addition to experienced researchers who want to learn how to use RxpsG. In the digital format, the spectral data and step-by-step indications are provided to reproduce the examples given in the textbook. RxpsG is a free software for the spectral analysis. Readers can find the installation information and download the package from https://github.com/GSperanza/ website. RxpsG was developed mainly by Giorgio Speranza with the help of his colleague dr. Roberto Canteri working at Fondazione Bruno Kessler. Key Features: Simplifies the use of RxpsG, how it works, and its applications. Demonstrates RxpsG using a reproduction of the graphical interface of RxpsG, showing the steps needed to perform a specific task and the effect on the XPS spectra. Accessible to readers without any prior experience using the RxpsG software. Giorgio Speranza is Senior Researcher at Fondazione Bruno Kessler – Trento Italy, Associate Member of the Italian National Council of Research, and Associate Member of the Department of Industrial Engineering at the University of Trento, Italy.Solved Problems in Classical Electrodynamics and Theory of Relativity
Par Ioan Merches, Daniel Radu. 2023
This book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students in physics, engineering, astronomy, applied mathematics and for researchers working in…
related subjects. It is an excellent study tool for those students who would like to work independently on more electrodynamics problems in order to deepen their understanding and problem solving skills. The book discusses main concepts and techniques related to Maxwell's equations, potentials and fields (including Liénard-Wiechert potentials), electromagnetic waves, and the interaction and dynamics of charged point particles. It also includes content on magnetohydrodynamics and plasma, radiation and antennas, special relativity, relativistic kinematics, relativistic dynamics and relativistic-covariant dynamics and general theory of relativity. It contains a wide range of problems, ranging from electrostatics and magnetostatics to the study of the stability of dynamical systems, field theories and black hole orbiting. The book even contains interdisciplinary problems from the fields of electronics, elementary particle theory, antenna design. Detailed, step-by step calculations are presented, meeting the need for a thorough understanding of the reasoning and steps of the calculations by all students, regardless of their level of training. Additionally, numerical solutions are also proposed and accompanied by adjacent graphical representations and even multiple methods of solving the same problem. It is structured in a coherent and unified way, having a deep didactic character, being thus oriented towards a university environment, where the transmission of knowledge in a logical, unified and coherent way is essential. It teaches students how to think about and how to approach solving electrodynamics problems. - Contains a wide range of problems and applications from the fields of electrodynamics and the theory of special relativity. - Presents numerical solutions to problems involving nonlinearities. - Details command lines specific to Mathematica software dedicated to both analytical and numerical calculations, which allows readers to obtain the numerical solutions as well as the related graphical representations.Organic and Inorganic Light Emitting Diodes: Reliability Issues and Performance Enhancement
Par Wladek Grabinski, T. D Subash, J Ajayan. 2023
This book covers a comprehensive range of topics on the physical mechanisms of LEDs (light emitting diodes), scattering effects, challenges…
in fabrication and efficient enhancement techniques in organic and inorganic LEDs. It deals with various reliability issues in organic/inorganic LEDs like trapping and scattering effects, packaging failures, efficiency droops, irradiation effects, thermal degradation mechanisms, and thermal degradation processes. Features: Provides insights into the improvement of performance and reliability of LEDs Highlights the optical power improvement mechanisms in LEDs Covers the challenges in fabrication and packaging of LEDs Discusses pertinent failures and degradation mechanisms Includes droop minimization techniques This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in LEDs, illumination engineering, optoelectronics, and polymer/organic materials.