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Cosmic Rays: Multimessenger Astrophysics and Revolutionary Astronomy (Astronomers' Universe)
Par Alessandro De Angelis. 2023
In recent years, cosmic rays have become the protagonists of a new scientific revolution. We are able today to film…
the Universe with telescopes of completely novel conception, recording information from many different messengers and accessing previously unknown cosmic regions.Written by a recognized authority in physics, this book takes readers on a captivating journey through the world of cosmic rays, their role in the revolutionary field of multi-messenger astronomy, their production from powerful accelerators close to the surfaces of black holes and compact objects, reaching the highest levels of energy observed in nature, and the implications this has for our understanding of the Universe. Through the stories of pioneering scientists, explorations of cutting-edge technologies, and simple explanations related to particle physics, quantum mechanics, and astrophysics, the book provides an illuminating state-of-the-art introduction to the current state of high-energy astrophysics. The book was written in straightforward yet rigorous language, so as to be accessible to the greater public. For those curious about the cosmos and cosmic gamma rays, nuclei, neutrinos, and gravitational waves, from casual observers to professional astronomers and physicists, the book is a must-read, offering a thrilling adventure into the future of astronomy and particle physics.This book highlights some of the latest advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials from leading researchers in Ukraine, Europe and beyond.…
It features contributions presented at the 10th International Science and Practice Conference Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials (NANO2022), which was held on August 25-27, 2022 at Lviv House of Scientists, and was jointly organized by the Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, University of Tartu (Estonia), University of Turin (Italy), and Pierre and Marie Curie University (France). Internationally recognized experts from a wide range of universities and research institutions share their knowledge and key findings across diverse areas ranging from quantum optics and nanoelectonics to biophysics.The book will be interesting for leading scientists, advanced undergraduate and graduate students in nanoelectronics, optics, bio-and chemical engineering. This book’s companion volume also addresses topics such as nanostructured surface, nanomaterials, and its applications.The Physics of Wall Street: A Brief History of Predicting the Unpredictable
Par James Weatherall. 2013
A look inside the world of &“quants&” and how science can (and can&’t) predict financial markets: &“Entertaining and enlightening&” (The…
New York Times). After the economic meltdown of 2008, Warren Buffett famously warned, &“beware of geeks bearing formulas.&” But while many of the mathematicians and software engineers on Wall Street failed when their abstractions turned ugly in practice, a special breed of physicists has a much deeper history of revolutionizing finance. Taking us from fin-de-siècle Paris to Rat Pack–era Las Vegas, from wartime government labs to Yippie communes on the Pacific coast, James Owen Weatherall shows how physicists successfully brought their science to bear on some of the thorniest problems in economics, from options pricing to bubbles. The crisis was partly a failure of mathematical modeling. But even more, it was a failure of some very sophisticated financial institutions to think like physicists. Models—whether in science or finance—have limitations; they break down under certain conditions. And in 2008, sophisticated models fell into the hands of people who didn&’t understand their purpose, and didn&’t care. It was a catastrophic misuse of science. The solution, however, is not to give up on models; it&’s to make them better. This book reveals the people and ideas on the cusp of a new era in finance, from a geophysicist using a model designed for earthquakes to predict a massive stock market crash to a physicist-run hedge fund earning 2,478.6% over the course of the 1990s. Weatherall shows how an obscure idea from quantum theory might soon be used to create a far more accurate Consumer Price Index. The Physics of Wall Street will change how we think about our economic future. &“Fascinating history . . . Happily, the author has a gift for making complex concepts clear to lay readers.&” —BooklistThe Edge of Physics: A Journey to Earth's Extremes to Unlock the Secrets of the Universe
Par Anil Ananthaswamy. 2009
A tour of the exotic and remote outposts where scientists seek answers to the great mysteries: &“A thrilling ride around…
the globe and around the cosmos.&” —Sean Carroll, author of From Eternity to Here In The Edge of Physics, a science writer journeys to the ends of the Earth—visiting remote and sometimes dangerous places—in search of the telescopes and detectors that promise to answer the biggest questions in modern cosmology. Anil Ananthaswamy treks to the Atacama Desert in the Chilean Andes, one of the coldest, driest places on the planet, where not even a blade of grass can survive, and the spectacularly clear skies and dry atmosphere allow astronomers to gather brilliant images of galaxies billions of light-years away. He takes us inside the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere&’s Very Large Telescope on Mount Paranal, where four massive domes open to the sky each night &“like a dragon waking up.&” Ananthaswamy also heads deep inside an abandoned iron mine in Minnesota—where half-mile-thick rock shields physicists as they hunt for elusive dark matter particles. And to the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, where engineers are drilling 1.5 miles into the clearest ice on the planet. They are building the world&’s largest neutrino detector, which could finally help reconcile quantum physics with Einstein&’s theory of general relativity. The stories of the people who work at these and other research sites make for a compelling new portrait of the universe—and our quest to understand it. &“From the top of Hawaii&’s Mauna Kea to Switzerland&’s Large Hadron Collider and more, Ananthaswamy paints a vivid picture of scientific investigations in harsh working conditions. . . . Even for readers who don&’t know a neutrino from Adam, these interesting tales of human endeavor make The Edge of Physics a trip worth taking.&” —Bookpage &“Ananthaswamy journeys to several geographically and scientifically extreme outposts, and returns not only with engaging portraits of the men and women who work there, but also a vibrant glimpse of how cutting-edge research is actually performed. Part history lesson, part travelogue, part adventure story, &‘The Edge of Physics&’ is a wonder-steeped page-turner.&” —Seed Magazine &“Ananthaswamy displays a writer&’s touch for the fascinating detail.&” —The Washington PostThis book continues the applications of mathematics, more specifically of theta, eta, and zeta functions, and modular forms, to various…
areas of theoretical physics. It is a follow-up and extension in some sense of the author’s earlier book entitled A window into zeta and modular physics. Some of the main topics are1. A new approach to logarithmic corrections to black hole entropy2. My recent work that provides for an explicit cold plasma-black hole connection3. Generalization of work of physicists on certain asymptotic problems relating to string theory, for example, by way of the general theory of modular forms of non-positive weight4. A construction of the E8 root lattice, its theta function, and its relevance for heterotic string theory5. Applications of elliptic functions to KdV, nonlinear Schrödinger, and Duffing equations, for example, including a discussion of Lax pairs and the Miura transformation6. Finite temperature zeta functions and partition functions for quantum fields in thermal equilibrium on various curved background spacetimes7. Exact solutions of the Einstein gravitational field equations for Lemaitre and inhomogeneous cosmological models, with a special focus on the Szekeres–Szafron exact solutions by way of the Weierstrass elliptic function8. Elementary particles and my zeta function formula for higher spin fermionic particles; this covers, in particular, the gravitino particle (of spin 3/2) and bosons with integral spin s = 2, 3, 4, 5.These are some sample topics. Others include the continuous Heisenberg model, reaction diffusion systems, Dirichlet and Hecke L-functions, the modular j-invariant, the computation of the one-loop effective potential for non-compact symmetric spaces, the BTZ black hole, Jacobi inversion formulas, etc.Thus, there is a very large range of material with the first 9 chapters of preliminary, expositional background for mathematicians and physicists.Covariant Canonical Gauge Gravity (FIAS Interdisciplinary Science Series)
Par Johannes Kirsch, David Vasak, Jürgen Struckmeier. 2023
This book starts with the mathematical basis of the theory - i.e. provide a brief sketch of the theory of…
manifolds and frame bundles, tensors and their transformations, relativistic kinematics, and aspects of non-flat space-time geometries. The definition of relevant physical quantities (torsion, curvature, non-metricity, tetrads, connection fields etc.) and important geometry concepts are also included. The main body of the book is devoted to a detailed derivation of the gauge theory of gravitation for scalar, vector (Proca and Maxwell) and Dirac spinor fields. Alternative approaches based on the Noether theorem and on the spinorial representation of the fields are also addressed, as well as important novel features related to the CCGG framework (Birkhoff theorem, field derivative identities etc.). In the last section of the volume the application of the CCGG theory to cosmology will be set out, resulting in a new understanding of dark energy and inflation.Molecular Storms: The Physics of Stars, Cells and the Origin of Life
Par Liam Graham. 2023
“Following in the footsteps of Stephen Hawking's ‘A brief history of time’ and Simon Singh's ‘Fermat’s Last Theorem’ this exceptionally…
accessible book will you leave marveling at the wonders of the world and, if you didn't listen to your science teachers, wishing you had. Graham writes with the mind of a physicist and the soul of a poet.” Nicki Hayes, CCO, The Communications Practice, author of First Aid for Feelings. “Only a few writers have managed to turn the highly technical jargon of science into language accessible for interested lay readers. Isaac Asimov showed us how it could be done, and Carl Zimmer and Brian Greene are continuing today. In Molecular Storms, his first book, Liam Graham has shown that he has the essential quality required to join this group, a love of first learning then explaining how the universe works." David Deamer, Professor of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, author of Assembling Life.Why is the universe the way it is? Wherever we look, we find ordered structures: from stars to planets to living cells. This book shows that the same driving force is behind structure everywhere: the incessant random motion of the components of matter. Physicists call it thermal noise. Let’s call it the molecular storm.This storm drives the fusion reactions that make stars shine. It drives whirlpools and currents in atmospheres and oceans. It spins and distorts molecules until they are in the right orientation to react and form new substances. In living cells, it drives proteins to fold and molecules to self-assemble. It is behind every detail of the astonishing molecular machines that control cellular processes.Using cutting-edge research, “Molecular Storms” takes us on a dazzling journey from the early universe to the interior of the smallest living things. There, in a nanoscale world of biological devices, it explains the physics behind the chemical system which we call Life.Whether you're someone with a general interest in science or a student looking to add context to your studies, this book is for you. "Molecular Storms" is an accessible and captivating read that will deepen your appreciation of the power of science to explain the world.This book presents the essentials culminating in the effective string theory of flux tubes in meticulous technical and conceptual detail.…
The book is divided into four parts. Part One provides historical background, while Part Two (consisting of 14 chapters) covers the passage from Heisenberg's S-matrix theory to String Theory. This includes non-perturbative LSZ formalism, dispersion relations, Regge poles, duality and dual resonance models. Part Three offers a comprehensive analysis of QCD, focusing on important concepts like asymptotic freedom and quark confinement. The section also delves into lattice gauge theories and effective descriptions of superconductivity and strong interactions. Part Four, the final two chapters, describe the lattice gauge theory determinations of Yang-Mills flux tubes in three and four dimensions and effective string theories, including their systematic constructions. These chapters provide detailed technical information to help readers, especially students, develop their expertise in these ideas. This book is ideal for graduate students, postdocs, and senior researchers looking to deepen their understanding of effective string theory and related concepts.Advanced Functional Materials for Optical and Hazardous Sensing: Synthesis and Applications (Progress in Optical Science and Photonics #27)
Par Rakesh Sonker, Kedar Singh, Rajendra Sonkawade. 2023
This book highlights the significance and usefulness of nanomaterials for the development of sensing devices and their real-life applications. The…
book also addresses various means of synthesizing functional materials, e.g., hydrothermal deposition process, electrospinning, Ostwald ripening, sputtering heterogeneous deposition, liquid-phase preparation, the vapor deposition approach, and aerosol flame synthesis. It presents an informative overview of the role of functional materials in the development of advanced sensor devices at the nanoscale and discusses the applications of functional materials in different forms prepared by diverse techniques in the field of optoelectronics and biomedical devices. Major features, such as type of advanced functional, fabrication methods, applications, tasks, benefits and restrictions, and saleable features, are presented in this book. Advanced functional materials for sensing have much wider applications and have an enormous impact on our environment.This thesis proposes useful tools, on-the-fly trajectory mapping method and Reaction Space Projector (ReSPer), to analyze chemical reaction mechanisms by…
combining the reaction route map and the ab initio molecular dynamics. The key concept for the proposed tools is the Cartesian distance between pairwise molecular structures, and a practical procedure to get the optimal distance is introduced. The on-the-fly trajectory mapping method tracks the distance function between reference structures and molecular structures along the trajectory. Although this method provides fruitful insight into dynamic reaction behaviors, the visualization of reaction routes into a low-dimensional space is still challenging because of the multi-dimensionality. ReSPer successfully constructs a low-dimensional reaction space defined by mathematically-selected principal coordinates representing mutual distance relationships in the full-dimensional space. ReSPer also enables us to project trajectories into the reaction space in the reduced dimension. In this thesis, these methods are applied to several reactions, including bifurcating and photochemical reactions, revealing dynamically-allowed reaction mechanisms. This thesis provides robust and versatile tools to elucidate dynamical reaction routes on the basis of the reduced-dimensionality reaction route map and will help control chemical reaction dynamics and select descriptors for machine learning.The Einsteinian Revolution: The Historical Roots of His Breakthroughs
Par Hanoch Gutfreund, Jürgen Renn. 2024
How the Einsteinian revolution can be understood as the result of a long-term evolution of science The revolution that emerged…
from Albert Einstein’s work in the early twentieth century transformed our understanding of space, time, motion, gravity, matter, and radiation. Beginning with Einstein’s miracle year of 1905 and continuing through his development of the theory of general relativity, Einstein spurred a revolution that continues to reverberate in modern-day physics. In The Einsteinian Revolution, Hanoch Gutfreund and Jürgen Renn trace the century-long transformation of classical physics and argue that the revolution begun by Einstein was in fact the result of a long-term evolution. Describing the origins and context of Einstein’s innovative research, Gutfreund and Renn work to dispel the popular myth of Einstein as a lone genius who brought about a revolution in physics through the power of his own pure thought. We can only understand the birth of modern physics, they say, if we understand the long history of the evolution of knowledge.Gutfreund and Renn outline the essential structures of the knowledge system of classical physics on which Einstein drew. Examining Einstein’s discoveries from 1905 onward, they describe the process by which new concepts arose and the basis of modern physics emerged. These transformations continued, eventually resulting in the establishment of quantum physics and general relativity as the two major conceptual frameworks of modern physics—and its two unreconciled theoretical approaches. Gutfreund and Renn note that Einstein was dissatisfied with this conceptual dichotomy and began a search for a unified understanding of physics—a quest that continued for the rest of his life.MCAT Physics and Math Review 2024-2025: Online + Book (Kaplan Test Prep)
Par Kaplan Test Prep. 2023
Kaplan&’s MCAT Physics and Math Review 2024-2025 offers an expert study plan, detailed subject review, and hundreds of online and…
in-book practice questions—all authored by the experts behind the MCAT prep course that has helped more people get into medical school than all other major courses combined.Prepping for the MCAT is a true challenge. Kaplan can be your partner along the way—offering guidance on where to focus your efforts and how to organize your review. This book has been updated to match the AAMC&’s guidelines precisely—no more worrying about whether your MCAT review is comprehensive!The Most PracticeMore than 350 questions in the book and access to even more online—more practice than any other MCAT physics and math book on the market.The Best PracticeComprehensive physics and math subject review is written by top-rated, award-winning Kaplan instructors.Full-color, 3-D illustrations, charts, graphs and diagrams help turn even the most complex science into easy-to-visualize concepts.All material is vetted by editors with advanced science degrees and by a medical doctor.Online resources, including a full-length practice test, help you practice in the same computer-based format you&’ll see on Test Day.Expert GuidanceHigh-yield badges throughout the book identify the topics most frequently tested by the AAMC.We know the test: The Kaplan MCAT team has spent years studying every MCAT-related document available. Kaplan&’s expert psychometricians ensure our practice questions and study materials are true to the test.Einstein: His Life and Universe (Great Thinkers Ser.)
Par Walter Isaacson. 2008
By the author of the acclaimed bestsellers Benjamin Franklin and Steve Jobs, this is the definitive biography of Albert Einstein.…
How did his mind work? What made him a genius? Isaacson’s biography shows how his scientific imagination sprang from the rebellious nature of his personality. His fascinating story is a testament to the connection between creativity and freedom. Based on newly released personal letters of Einstein, this book explores how an imaginative, impertinent patent clerk—a struggling father in a difficult marriage who couldn’t get a teaching job or a doctorate—became the mind reader of the creator of the cosmos, the locksmith of the mysteries of the atom, and the universe. His success came from questioning conventional wisdom and marveling at mysteries that struck others as mundane. This led him to embrace a morality and politics based on respect for free minds, free spirits, and free individuals. These traits are just as vital for this new century of globalization, in which our success will depend on our creativity, as they were for the beginning of the last century, when Einstein helped usher in the modern age.Introduction to Fourier Optics (Mcgraw-hill Series In Electrical And Computer Engineering)
Par Joseph Goodman. 2017
Fourier analysis is a ubiquitous tool that has found application to diverse areas of physics and engineering. Goodman focuses on…
applications in optics, and in particular with applications to diffraction, imaging, optical information processing, holography, and optical communications.Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics satisfies the needs of several different types of Physics and Engineering courses. Directed towards both physicists and engineers this text is suitable for audiences focusing on applications of optics. A clear presentation makes this text work well as both a teaching resource and a reference book.Universal Aspects of Scientific Practice: Commitment, Methodology, and Technique (SpringerBriefs in Philosophy)
Par Giora Hon, Bernard Goldstein. 2023
This book provides a unique contribution to philosophy of science from the perspective of the practice of science. It focuses…
on processes that generate scientific knowledge and seeks general and universal features that characterize scientific practice; features that are inherent to the practice of science. Science is an activity, and the scientist is an agent who pursues some practice, which in one way or another engages evidence. In science, claims to knowledge are typically supported by argument that engages evidence at some point in explanation, in prediction, or indeed in any mode of presenting data and its interpretation. Thus, the practice of science includes at least three elements so that an argument can be formulated: presuppositions, modes of inference, and consequences that relate to evidence. The authors discuss in detail eight cases in chronological order with which they illustrate how commitment, methodology, and technique come into play in the practice of an individual physicist or a group of researchers in the physical sciences. Each case highlights aspects of the roles these categories play in scientific practice, where the goal is to generate and extend scientific knowledge.Introduction to Chaos and Coherence
Par Jan Froyland. 1992
This book provides an introduction to the theory of chaotic systems and demonstrates how chaos and coherence are interwoven in…
some of the models exhibiting deterministic chaos. It is based on the lecture notes for a short course in dynamical systems theory given at the University of Oslo.Soft Computing in Chemical and Physical Sciences: A Shift in Computing Paradigm
Par Kanchan Sarkar, Sankar Bhattacharyya. 2018
This book can be regarded as 'Soft computing for physicists and chemists self-taught'. It prepares the readers with a solid…
background of soft computing and how to adapt soft computing techniques to problem solving in physical and chemical research. Soft computing methods have been little explored by researchers in physical and chemical sciences primarily because of the absence of books that bridge the gap between the traditional computing paradigm pursued by researchers in science and the new soft computing paradigm that has emerged in computer science. This book is the interface between these primary sources and researchers in physics and chemistry.This comprehensive tutorial guide to silicon nanomaterials spans from fundamental properties, growth mechanisms, and processing of nanosilicon to electronic device,…
energy conversion and storage, biomedical, and environmental applications. It also presents core knowledge with basic mathematical equations, tables, and graphs in order to provide the reader with the tools necessary to understand the latest technology developments. From low-dimensional structures, quantum dots, and nanowires to hybrid materials, arrays, networks, and biomedical applications, this Sourcebook is a complete resource for anyone working with this materials: Covers fundamental concepts, properties, methods, and practical applications. Focuses on one important type of silicon nanomaterial in every chapter. Discusses formation, properties, and applications for each material. Written in a tutorial style with basic equations and fundamentals included in an extended introduction. Highlights materials that show exceptional properties as well as strong prospects for future applications. Klaus D. Sattler is professor physics at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, having earned his PhD at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. He was honored with the Walter Schottky Prize from the German Physical Society, and is the editor of the sister work also published by Taylor & Francis, Carbon Nanomaterials Sourcebook, as well as the acclaimed multi-volume Handbook of Nanophysics.Neutrino Physics (Series in Particle Physics, Cosmology and Gravitation)
Par Kai Zuber. 2020
When Kai Zuber’s pioneering text on neutrinos was published in 2003, the author correctly predicted that the field would see…
tremendous growth in the immediate future. In that book, Professor Zuber provided a comprehensive self-contained examination of neutrinos, covering their research history and theory, as well as their application to particle physics, astrophysics, nuclear physics, and the broad reach of cosmology; but now to be truly comprehensive and accurate, the field’s seminal reference needs to be revised and expanded to include the latest research, conclusions, and implications. Revised as needed to be equal to the research of today, Neutrino Physics, Third Edition delves into neutrino cross-sections, mass measurements, double beta decay, solar neutrinos, neutrinos from supernovae, and high-energy neutrinos, as well as entirely new experimental results in the context of theoretical models. Written to be accessible to graduate students and readers from diverse backgrounds, this edition, like the first, provides both an introduction to the field as well as the information needed by those looking to make their own contributions to it. And like the second edition, it whets the researcher’s appetite, going beyond certainty to pose those questions that still need answers. Features Presents the only single-author comprehensive text on neutrino physics Includes experimental and theoretical particle physics and examines solar neutrinos and astroparticle implications Offers details on new developments and recent experiments