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Advances in Photonic Crystals and Devices
Par Narendra Kumar, Bhuvneshwer Suthar. 2020
In recent decades, there has been a phenomenal growth in the field of photonic crystal research and has emerged as…
an interdisciplinary area. Photonic crystals are usually nanostructured electromagnetic media consisting of periodic variation of dielectric constant, which prohibit certain electromagnetic wave frequency ranges called photonic bandgaps to propagate through them. Photonic crystals elicited numerous interesting features by unprecedented control of light and their exploitation is a promising tool in nanophotonics and designing optical components. The book ‘Advances in Photonic Crystals and Devices’ is designed with 15 chapters with introductory as well as research and application based contents. It covers the following highlighted features: Basics of photonic crystals and photonic crystal fibers Different theoretical as well as experimental approaches Current research advances from around the globe Nonlinear optics and super-continuum generation in photonic crystal fibers Magnetized cold plasma photonic crystals Liquid crystal defect embedded with graphene layers Biophysics and biomedical applications as optical sensors Two-dimensional photonic crystal demultiplexer Optical logic gates using photonic crystals A large number of references The goal of this book is to draw the background in understanding, fabrication and characterization of photonic crystals using a variety of materials and their applications in design of several optical devices. Though the book is useful as a reference for the researchers working in the area of photonics, optical computing and fabrication of nanophotonic devices, it is intended for the beginners like students pursuing their masters’ degree in photonics.Quantum Mechanics: A Simplified Approach
Par Shabnam Siddiqui. 2018
Quantum mechanics is one of the most challenging subjects to learn. It is challenging because quantum phenomenon is counterintuitive, and…
the mathematics used to explain such a phenomenon is very abstract, and difficult to grasp. This textbook is an attempt to overcome these challenges. Every chapter presents quantum ideas step- by- step in a structured way with a comparison between quantum and classical concepts. It provides a clear distinction between classical and quantum logic. Conceptual questions are provided after every important section so that the reader can test their understanding at every step. Such an approach aids in preventing misconceptions. Problem solving is not restricted to solving differential equations and integration. But it requires to systematically and creatively analyze a problem, to apply the new and powerful concepts for finding a solution and to understand the physical meaning of the solution. The tutorials on special topics are an effort to teach problem solving by actively engaging the reader in a thinking process, to apply the concepts and to understand the physical meaning of the solution. The simulations are provided for some of the topics. The simulations aid in the visualization of the quantum phenomenon, and for meaningful understanding of the mathematics. This approach may lead to development of "quantum mechanical intuition "as well as learning mathematical techniques for problem solving. Most importantly, the book is not flooded with numerous topics that makes the reader confused and distracted, rather the most important topics are discussed at a deeper level. The understanding of quantum mechanics is incomplete without understanding the early ideas and experiments that lead to the development of the quantum theory. Thus, the first two chapters of the book are dedicated to such topics. The key features of this book are: A simplified, structured, and step-by-step introduction to quantum mechanics. The simplification is attained through use of two-level system, step- by- step discussion of important topics in a simplified language at a deeper level, analogies, and visualization using illustrations and simulations A systematic arrangement of topics, and numerous worked- out examples. The presentation of the structure in the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics provides clarity in understanding complicated and abstract mathematics. It also helps to understand the distinction between the quantum mechanical and classical approaches Conceptual questions at the end of every important section. The conceptual questions can be used in a classroom as a point of discussion between an instructor and students Tutorials on special topics. Simulations on special topics aid in the visualization of the physical phenomenon, and demonstration of the application of mathematics An in-depth discussion of the wave-particle duality, measurement problem, and their philosophical implications in Chapter 2 provides an understanding of the broader meaning of quantum mechanicsQuantitative MRI of the Brain: Principles of Physical Measurement, Second edition (Series in Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering)
Par Mara Cercignani, Nicholas Dowell, Paul Tofts. 2018
Building on the success of the first edition of this book, the winner of the 2004 British Medical Association Radiology…
Medical Book Competition, Quantitative MRI of the Brain: Principles of Physical Measurement gives a unique view on how to use an MRI machine in a new way. Used as a scientific instrument it can make measurements of a myriad of physical and biological quantities in the human brain and body. For each small tissue voxel, non-invasive information monitors how tissue changes with disease and responds to treatment. The book opens with a detailed exposition of the principles of good practice in quantification, including fundamental concepts, quality assurance, MR data collection and analysis and improved study statistical power through minimised instrumental variation. There follow chapters on 14 specific groups of quantities: proton density, T1, T2, T2*, diffusion, advanced diffusion, magnetisation transfer, CEST, 1H and multi-nuclear spectroscopy, DCE-MRI, quantitative fMRI, arterial spin-labelling and image analysis, and finally a chapter on the future of quantification. The physical principles behind each quantity are stated, followed by its biological significance. Practical techniques for measurement are given, along with pitfalls and examples of clinical applications. This second edition of this indispensable 'how to' manual of quantitative MR shows the MRI physicist and research clinician how to implement these techniques on an MRI scanner to understand more about the biological processes in the patient and physiological changes in healthy controls. Although focussed on the brain, most techniques are applicable to characterising tissue in the whole body. This book is essential reading for anyone who wants to use the gamut of modern quantitative MRI methods to measure the effects of disease, its progression, and its response to treatment. Features: The first edition was awarded the book prize for Radiology by the British Medical Association in 2004 Written by an authority in the field: Professor Tofts has an international reputation for quantification in MRI Gives specific ‘how to’ information for implementation of MRI measurement sequence techniquesOptical Sensors for Biomedical Diagnostics and Environmental Monitoring
Par Banshi Gupta, Anand Shrivastav, Sruthi Usha. 2018
The field of plasmonics has shown extraordinary capabilities in realizing highly sensitive and accurate sensors for environmental monitoring and measurement…
of biological analytes. The inherent potential of such devices has led to growing interest worldwide in commercial fiber optic chemical and biosensors. Optical Sensors for Biomedical Diagnostics and Environmental Monitoring is an essential resource for students, established researchers, and industry developers in need of a reference work on both the fundamentals and latest advances in optical fiber sensor technology in biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. The book includes rigorous theory and experimental techniques of surface plasmon and lossy mode resonances, as well as real-time sensing applications of resonance techniques implemented over optical fiber substrate using bulk layer and/or nanostructures as transducer and sensing layers. In addition, discussion of various design options for real-time sensors in environmental monitoring and biomedical diagnostics make the book approachable to readers from multidisciplinary fields.Physics of the Invisible Sun: Instrumentation, Observations, and Inferences
Par Ashok Ambastha. 2020
Physics of the invisible Sun: Instrumentation, Observations, and Inferences provides a new updated perspectives of the dramatic developments in solar…
physics mainly after the advent of the space era. It focusses on the instrumentation exploiting the invisible windows of the electromagnetic spectrum for observing the outer, fainter layers of the Sun. It emphasizes on the several technical and observational challenges and proceeds to discuss the discoveries related to energetic phenomena occurring in the transition region and corona. The book begins with giving a brief glimpse of the historical developments during the pre-, and post-telescopic periods of visible and spectroscopic techniques, ground-based optical and radio observing sites. Various types of telescopes and back-end instrumentation are presented based on photometry, spectroscopy, and polarimetry using the Zeeman and Hanle effects for measurement of magnetic fields, and Doppler effect for radial velocity measurements. The book discusses theoretical and observational inferences based on detection of solar neutrinos, and helioseismology as the probes of the hidden solar interior, and tests of solar standard models. The characteristic properties and observational signatures of global solar p- and g-oscillations modes, developments in local helioseismology and asteroseismology are discussed. The role of the solar magnetic field and differential rotation in the activity and magnetic cycles, prediction methodologies, and dynamo models are described. Observing the Sun in IR at the longer, and the UV, EUV, XUV, X-rays, and gamma-rays at the shorter wavelengths are covered in detail. Observational challenges at each of these wavelengths are presented followed by the instrumentation for detection and imaging that have resulted in enhancing the understanding of various solar transient phenomena, such as, flares and CMEs. The outer most corona is described as a dynamic, expanding component of the Sun from the theoretical and observational perspectives of the solar wind. It then discusses the topics of the Interplanetary magnetic field, slow and fast solar wind, interaction with magnetised and non-magnetised objects of the solar system, the space weather and the physics of the heliosphere. The chapter on the future directions in solar physics presents a brief overview of the new major facilities in various observing windows, and the future possibilities of observing the Sun from ground and vantage locations in space. Features: Systematic overview of the developments in instrumentation, observational challenges and inferences derived from ground-based and space-borne solar projects. Advances in the understanding about the solar interior from neutrinos and helioseismology. Recent research results and future directions from ground- and space-based observations. This book may serve as a reference book for scientific researchers interested in multi-wavelength instrumentation and observational aspects of solar physics. It may also be used as a textbook for a graduate-level course.The Physics of Composite and Porous Media
Par T. Spanos, Norman Udey. 2018
Building on the success of T.J.T. Spanos's previous book The Thermophysics of Porous Media, The Physics of Composite and Porous…
Media explains non-linear field theory that describes how physical processes occur in the earth. It describes physical processes associated with the interaction of the various phases at the macroscale (the scale at which continuum equations are established) and how these interactions give rise to additional physical processes at the megascale (the scale orders of magnitude larger at which a continuum description may once again be established). Details are also given on how experimental, numerical and theoretical work on this subject fits together. This book will be of interest to graduate students and academic researchers working on understanding the physical process in the earth, in addition to those working in the oil and hydrogeology industries.The Standard Model and Beyond (Series in Particle Physics, Cosmology and Gravitation)
Par Paul Langacker. 2017
This new edition of The Standard Model and Beyond presents an advanced introduction to the physics and formalism of the…
standard model and other non-abelian gauge theories. It provides a solid background for understanding supersymmetry, string theory, extra dimensions, dynamical symmetry breaking, and cosmology. In addition to updating all of the experimental and phenomenological results from the first edition, it contains a new chapter on collider physics; expanded discussions of Higgs, neutrino, and dark matter physics; and many new problems. The book first reviews calculational techniques in field theory and the status of quantum electrodynamics. It then focuses on global and local symmetries and the construction of non-abelian gauge theories. The structure and tests of quantum chromodynamics, collider physics, the electroweak interactions and theory, and the physics of neutrino mass and mixing are thoroughly explored. The final chapter discusses the motivations for extending the standard model and examines supersymmetry, extended gauge groups, and grand unification. Thoroughly covering gauge field theories, symmetries, and topics beyond the standard model, this text equips readers with the tools to understand the structure and phenomenological consequences of the standard model, to construct extensions, and to perform calculations at tree level. It establishes the necessary background for readers to carry out more advanced research in particle physics. Supplementary materials are provided on the author’s website and a solutions manual is available for qualifying instructors.Modeling and Simulation of Everyday Things
Par Michael Roth. 2018
How can computer modeling and simulation tools be used to understand and analyze common situations and everyday problems? Readers will…
find here an easy-to-follow, enjoyable introduction for anyone even with little background training. Examples are incorporated throughout to stimulate interest and engage the reader. Build the necessary skillsets with operating systems, editing, languages, commands, and visualization. Obtain hands-on examples from sports, accidents, and disease to problems of heat transfer, fluid flow, waves, and groundwater flow. Includes discussion of parallel computing and graphics processing units. This introductory, practical guide is suitable for students at any level up to professionals looking to use modeling and simulation to help solve basic to more advanced problems. Michael W. Roth, PhD, serves as Dean of the School of STEM and Business at Hawkeye Community College in Waterloo, Iowa. He was most recently Chair for three years at Northern Kentucky University's Department of Physics, Geology and Engineering Technology, and holds several awards for teaching excellence.Spectral Geometry of Graphs (Operator Theory: Advances and Applications #293)
Par Pavel Kurasov. 2024
This open access book gives a systematic introduction into the spectral theory of differential operators on metric graphs. Main focus…
is on the fundamental relations between the spectrum and the geometry of the underlying graph.The book has two central themes: the trace formula and inverse problems.The trace formula is relating the spectrum to the set of periodic orbits and is comparable to the celebrated Selberg and Chazarain-Duistermaat-Guillemin-Melrose trace formulas. Unexpectedly this formula allows one to construct non-trivial crystalline measures and Fourier quasicrystals solving one of the long-standing problems in Fourier analysis. The remarkable story of this mathematical odyssey is presented in the first part of the book.To solve the inverse problem for Schrödinger operators on metric graphs the magnetic boundary control method is introduced. Spectral data depending on the magnetic flux allow one to solve the inverse problem in full generality, this means to reconstruct not only the potential on a given graph, but also the underlying graph itself and the vertex conditions.The book provides an excellent example of recent studies where the interplay between different fields like operator theory, algebraic geometry and number theory, leads to unexpected and sound mathematical results. The book is thought as a graduate course book where every chapter is suitable for a separate lecture and includes problems for home studies. Numerous illuminating examples make it easier to understand new concepts and develop the necessary intuition for further studies.Enjoy Time: Stop Rushing. Get More Done. (Build + Become)
Par Catherine Blyth. 2018
Gain a better understanding of the nature of time and learn how to manage your time and improve your life.We…
are living longer than ever and, thanks to technology, we are able to accomplish so much more. So why do we feel time poor? In twenty eye-opening lessons, Catherine Blyth combines cutting-edge science and psychology to show why time runs away from you, then provides the tools to get it back.Learn why the clock speeds up just when you wish it would go slow, how your tempo can be manipulated and why we all misuse and miscalculate time. But you can beat the time thieves. Reset your body clock, refurbish your routine, harness momentum and slow down. Not only will time be more enjoyable, but you really will get more done.Engineering Thermoplastics: Properties and Applications
Par James Margolis. 1985
This book provides solutions to many vital questions on the important property differences and advantages of individual engineering thermoplastics. It…
is useful for executives; managers; design, materials, and sales engineers; researchers; materials and product manufacturers; and compounders.Chaos, Fractals, and Dynamics
Par P. Fischer. 1985
This book contains eighteen papers, all more-or-less linked to the theory of dynamical systems together with related studies of chaos…
and fractals. It shows many fractal configurations that were generated by computer calculations of underlying two-dimensional maps.This book covers the latest problems of modern mathematical methods for three-dimensional problems of diffraction by arbitrary conducting screens. This…
comprehensive study provides an introduction to methods of constructing generalized solutions, elements of potential theory, and other underlying mathematical tools. The problem settings, which turn out to be extremely effective, differ significantly from the known approaches and are based on the original concept of vector spaces 'produced' by Maxwell equations. The formalism of pseudodifferential operators enables to prove uniqueness theorems and the Fredholm property for all problems studied. Readers will gain essential insight into the state-of-the-art technique of investigating three-dimensional problems for closed and unclosed screens based on systems of pseudodifferential equations. A detailed treatment of the properties of their kernels, in particular degenerated, is included. Special attention is given to the study of smoothness of generalized solutions and properties of traces.This volume contains invited and contributed papers at the conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials which took place on 21–23…
March 1983 in St Cathernine's College, Oxford. The conference was the third in the series devoted to advances in microscopical studies of semiconductors.Laser-Plasma Interactions 4 (Scottish Graduate Ser. #35)
Par M. B. Hooper. 1989
Laser-Plasma Interactions 4 is the fourth book in a series devoted to the study of laser-plasma interactions. Subjects covered include…
laser light propagation, instabilities, compression and hydrodynamics, spectroscopy, diagnostics, computer code, dense plasmas, high-power lasers, X-UV sources and lasers, beat waves, and transport processes.Understanding Position Sensors
Par David Nyce. 2023
As the definitive resource on position sensing technology, Understanding Position Sensors encompasses all aspects necessary for a full understanding of…
the field, with topics of background, operational theory, design, and application. While grasping the theory of technologies used in the measurement of linear and angular/rotary position sensors, the reader will also learn about terminology, interfacing, testing, and other valuable concepts that are useful in the understanding of sensors in general. The first three chapters provide readers with the necessary background information on sensors. These chapters review the working definitions and conventions used in sensing technology; specification of position sensors and the effect on performance; and sensor output types, plus an extensive section covering communication protocols. The remaining chapters describe each separate sensor technology in detail. These include resistive sensors, cable extension transducers, capacitive sensors, inductive sensors, LVDT and RVDT sensors, distributed impedance sensors, Hall effect sensors, magnetoresistive sensors, magnetostrictive sensors, linear and rotary encoders, optical triangulation position sensors, and ultrasonic position sensors. Presents sensor specification, theory of operation, sensor design, and application criteria Reviews the background history of position sensors as well as the underlying engineering techniques Includes end-of-chapter exercises Understanding Position Sensors is written for electrical, mechanical, and material engineers, as well as for engineering students who are interested in understanding sensor technologies, and can be used as a textbook for an engineering course on sensor technology.Core Principles of Special and General Relativity
Par James Luscombe. 2019
This book provides an accessible, yet thorough, introduction to special and general relativity, crafted and class-tested over many years of…
teaching. Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, this book provides clear descriptions of how to approach the mathematics and physics involved. It is also contains the latest exciting developments in the field, including dark energy, gravitational waves, and frame dragging. The table of contents has been carefully developed in consultation with a large number of instructors teaching courses worldwide, to ensure its wide applicability to modules on relativity and gravitation. Features: A clear, accessible writing style, presenting a sophisticated approach to the subject, that remains suitable for advanced undergraduate students and above Class-tested over many years To be accompanied by a partner volume on ‘Advanced Topics’ for students to further extend their learningDomain Generalization with Machine Learning in the NOvA Experiment (Springer Theses)
Par Andrew Sutton. 2023
This thesis presents significant advances in the use of neural networks to study the properties of neutrinos. Machine learning tools…
like neural networks (NN) can be used to identify the particle types or determine their energies in detectors such as those used in the NOvA neutrino experiment, which studies changes in a beam of neutrinos as it propagates approximately 800 km through the earth. NOvA relies heavily on simulations of the physics processes and the detector response; these simulations work well, but do not match the real experiment perfectly. Thus, neural networks trained on simulated datasets must include systematic uncertainties that account for possible imperfections in the simulation. This thesis presents the first application in HEP of adversarial domain generalization to a regression neural network. Applying domain generalization to problems with large systematic variations will reduce the impact of uncertainties while avoiding the risk of falsely constraining the phase space. Reducing the impact of systematic uncertainties makes NOvA analysis more robust, and improves the significance of experimental results.Methods for Imaging Cell Membranes (Series in Cellular and Clinical Imaging)
Par Luca Panconi, Daniel Nieves, Maria Makarova, Dylan Owen. 2023
This book will serve as an introduction to microscopy and biomedical imaging methods, with a focus on the study of…
the distributions and dynamics of molecules on the cell surface. It will provide readers with an in-depth understanding of how modern microscopy methodology can be used to understand the organisation of cell membrane systems and how experiments can be designed around these methodologies. There are numerous methods employed to understand cell membrane organisation, but foremost among them are microscopy methods which can map the distributions of molecules on the cell surface and even map the biophysical properties of membranes themselves. Fluorescence microscopy has been especially widely used due to its specificity and relatively noninvasive nature, allowing live-cell imaging. However, the recent advance of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has broken the previous resolution limit for this type of microscopy, which has been an important advancement in the field. Atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy have also been deployed to learn about membrane organisation and properties. Each chapter in this volume will be themed around measuring a particular property of cell membranes. In each case, the authors examine the range of methodology applicable to the task, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each one, and will also provide an overview of important discoveries that have been made using the methodology being discussed. The chapters will cover: • Measuring membrane protein distributions using single-molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM) • Measuring membrane protein dynamics and diffusion using fluorescence correla-tion spectroscopy (FCS) • Mapping membrane lipid backing using environmentally sensitive fluorescence probes • Mapping membrane thickness and rigidity using atomic force microscopy • Mapping membrane proteins and the cytoskeleton using electron microscopy This book will be a valuable resource to graduate and upper-level undergraduate students and industry researchers in the fields of cell biology, microbiology, microscopy, and medical imaging.Optical Methods for Managing the Diabetic Foot
Par Gennadi Saiko, Robert Bartlett, Jose Ramirez-GarciaLuna. 2024
This book discusses optical technologies for Diabetic Foot management. It combines the current medical literature review with an overview of…
the technology and physics behind it. Thus, it is a single-source introduction to the topic. It can also be used as a reference source and practical guide for the use of technology. The particular focus is on low-cost technologies, including hyperspectral imaging, thermography, and endogenous bacterial fluorescence. Moving diagnostic modalities closer to the patient (e.g., primary care) allows the disease to be detected at an earlier stage, thus improving outcomes. However, while some optical technologies are available commercially, they have not received wide clinical adoption due to gaps in knowledge translation to mainstream medicine. This book aims to narrow this gap with practical illustrations. The book will be of interest to a broad range of healthcare professionals, clinical researchers, engineers, and decision-makers, who are dealing with complications of diabetes. Key Features: Reviews the current state of technologies. Provides a practical guide with practical considerations and illustrations. Supplies a 360-degree view of the combination of clinical information with a technology background and primers on physics and engineering.