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On the Power and Limits of Empathy
Par Manuel Camassa. 2024
This book has two main objectives. The first is to identify and adequately describe the phenomenon of empathy. This essentially…
means offering a strong, reasoned and accurate description of the phenomenon of empathy in order to capture the essence of the empathic phenomenon and clearly distinguish it from other similar emotional phenomena such as sympathy or compassion The second part focuses on the role that this phenomenon can play on the ethical-moral level. The question is whether empathy is necessary or at least important for morality, and if so, to what extent, in what way and for what reasons. This is an open access book.Can the intellect or the intellectual faculty be its own object of thought, or can it not think or apprehend…
itself? This book explores the ancient treatments of the question of self-intellection - an important theme in ancient epistemology and of considerable interest to later philosophical thought. The manner in which the ancients dealt with the intellect apprehending itself, took them into both the metaphysical and epistemological domains with reflections on questions of thinking, identity and causality. Ian Crystal traces the origins from which the concept of self-intellection springs, by examining Plato's account of the epistemic subject and the emergence of self-intellection through the Aristotelian account, before the final part of the book explores the problem of how the intellect apprehends itself, and its resolution including Plotinus' reformulation and the dilemma raised by Sextus Empiricus. Crystal concludes that Plotinus recasts the metaphysical structures of Plato and Aristotle in such a way that he casts the concept of self-intellection in an entirely new light and offers a solution to the problem.The Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Human Enhancement (Routledge Handbooks in Applied Ethics)
Par Fabrice Jotterand and Marcello Ienca. 2023
The Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Human Enhancement provides readers with a philosophically rich and scientifically grounded analysis of…
human enhancement and its ethical implications. A landmark in the academic literature, the volume covers human enhancement in genetic engineering, neuroscience, synthetic biology, regenerative medicine, bioengineering, and many other fields. The Handbook includes a diverse and multifaceted collection of 30 chapters—all appearing here in print for the first time— that reveal the fundamental ethical challenges related to human enhancement. The chapters have been written by internationally recognized leaders in the field and are organized into seven parts: Historical Background and Key Concepts Human Enhancement and Human Nature Physical Enhancement Cognitive Enhancement Mood Enhancement and Moral Enhancement Human Enhancement and Medicine Legal, Social, and Political Implications The depth and topical range of the Handbook makes it an essential resource for upper-level undergraduates, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows in a broad variety of disciplinary areas. Furthermore, it is an authoritative reference for basic scientists, philosophers, engineers, physicians, lawyers, and other professionals who work on the topic of human enhancement.Kafka: His Mind and Art (Routledge Revivals)
Par Charles Neider. 1949
First published in 1949, Kafka: His Mind and Art begins with an extended analysis of the Kafka literature, with emphasis…
on its shortcomings and their effect on Kafka’s vogue. Chapter two presents in broad terms a new aspect of Kafka which after the biographical chapter, chapter three, is studied in detail for the next two chapters. Up to this point the treatment does not presuppose a special key, but in chapters six and seven the secret key is discussed. To avoid confusion and unnecessary complications, the discussion of the key and its implications is delayed until more traditional ground has been covered. The author argues that it is appropriate to indicate only that the expressionist movement was not solely religious, that it arose from a dissatisfaction with a stagnant, spiritless society as well as with current modes in art and literature, and that Kafka avoided identifying himself- at least in his work- with any of the three or four factions of the movement. This is an important historical document for students of literature.Beauvoir and Politics: A Toolkit
Par Liesbeth Schoonheim, Karen Vintges. 2024
Approaching Simone de Beauvoir’s feminism and social commentary as a resource to understand our current crises, Beauvoir and Politics: A…
Toolkit brings together established and emerging scholars to apply her insights to gender studies, political philosophy, decolonisation, intellectual history, age theory, and critical phenomenology. The essays in this collection start from key concepts in Beauvoir’s oeuvre and relate them to contemporary debates, asking how her notion of ambiguity speaks to lived experiences that have been highly politicized in recent years, such as pregnancy, old age, sexual violence, and the exposure of black and brown bodies to police violence; how myths inform our notions of collective, national identities, as well as notions of masculinity and femininity; and how she provides conceptual tools that help to theorize the various political strategies that are used to challenge gendered and racialized systems of oppression. These and other issues are central to this critical appraisal of Beauvoir’s legacy, demonstrating the contemporary relevance of her thought as it diagnoses the present and looks toward change for a better future. This book will be of great interest to undergraduate and postgraduate students looking to engage with the political content of Simone de Beauvoir’s work and the timely application of her ideas.Globale Ressourcenpolitik: Eine Einführung (Elemente der Politik)
Par Jasper Jonathan Finkeldey. 2023
Dieses Lehrbuch setzt sich mit den zentralen Institutionen, Akteuren und politischen Prozessen um die globale Verteilung und Nutzung kritischer natürlicher…
Ressourcen auseinander. Einige Stimmen sehen die Welt bereits im Zeitalter der Ressourcenkriege angekommen, andere betonen, dass Ressourcenknappheit auch zu neuen Kooperationen im internationalen System führe. Unter dem Begriff „natürlicher Ressourcen“ werden sowohl nachwachsende (z.B. Getreideprodukte, Holz) sowie nicht-nachwachsende Ressourcen (z.B. Rohöl oder Erdgas) gefasst, deren Verteilung und Nutzung politischen und ökonomischen Prozesse unterliegen.Die Lust auf Neues: Ein Essay über Kreativität
Par Peter Rinderle. 2023
Vor dem Hintergrund der Tatsache, dass innovatives Handeln in der Gegenwart eine große Wertschätzung erfährt, unternimmt das Buch eine Untersuchung…
des Begriffs, des Ursprungs, des Werts und der Spielarten der Kreativität. Kreativität ist immer ein bewusstes Menschenwerk, das überraschende Neuigkeiten hervorbringt; dabei können solche Neuigkeiten durchaus unterschiedlich bewertet werden und auch ihre Schattenseiten haben. Zur Anwendung kommt die Lust auf Neues in allen Bereichen des Lebens – in den Künsten und in den Wissenschaften, im Privatleben und in der Politik, bei Beziehungen zu anderen Personen und bei der Beziehung zu uns selbst. Das Buch geht detailliert auf die multiplen Facetten des Phänomens ein. Ob auch künstliche Intelligenzen zu kreativen Leistungen in der Lage sind, ist heute eine wichtige und stark umstrittene Frage, deren Antwort nicht zuletzt vom Begriff der Kreativität abhängen wird. Als besonders förderlich für die Ausbildung und Ausübung einer Lust auf Neues haben sich das Nichtstun, die Langeweile und Tagträumereien erwiesen.State Secrecy and Democracy: A Philosophical Inquiry (Routledge Focus on Philosophy)
Par Dorota Mokrosinska. 2024
In the wake of controversial disclosures of classified government information by WikiLeaks and Edward Snowden, questions about the democratic status…
of secret uses of political power are rarely far from the headlines. Despite an increase in initiatives aimed at enhancing government transparency – such as freedom of information or sunshine laws – secrecy persists in both the foreign and domestic policy of democratic states, in the form of classified intelligence programs, espionage, secret military operations, diplomatic discretion, closed-door political bargaining, and bureaucratic opacity. This book explores whether the state’s claim to restrict access to information can be justified. Dorota Mokrosinska answers this question with a qualified "yes," arguing that secrecy in exercising executive and legislative power can be seen as a legitimate exercise of democratic authority rather than as its justified suspension. Past and recent examples of state secrecy are used throughout the book, including the Manhattan Project, decision-making leading to the Iraq War, the extraordinary renditions programs and secret detention sites in Eastern Europe, collaboration between international secret services, and the WikiLeaks and Snowden disclosures. State Secrecy and Democracy: A Philosophical Inquiry is essential reading for those in political philosophy, ethics, politics, international relations and security studies, and law.Historiography and Mythography in the Aristotelian Mirabilia (Rutgers University Studies in Classical Humanities)
Par Robert Mayhew, Stefan Schorn. 2024
This is the first full-length volume in English that focuses on the historiographical section of the Mirabilia or De mirabilibus…
auscultationibus (On Marvelous Things Heard), attributed to Aristotle but not in fact by him. The central section of the Mirabilia, namely §§ 78–151, for the most part deals with historiographical material, with many of its entries having some relationship to ancient Greek historians of the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. The chapters in this volume discuss various aspects of this portion of the text, including textual issues involving toponyms; possible structural principles behind the organization of this section; the passages on Theopompus and Timaeus; mythography; the philosopher Heracleides of Pontos; Homeric exegesis; and the interrelationship between pseudo-Plutarch’s On Rivers, a section of the historian Stobaeus’ Geography, and the Mirabilia. Historiography and Mythography in the Aristotelian Mirabilia is an invaluable resource for scholars and students of this text, and of Greek philosophy, historiography, and literature more broadly.Thinking about Stories: An Introduction to Philosophy of Fiction
Par Samuel Lebens, Tatjana Von Solodkoff. 2023
Thinking About Stories is a fun and thought-provoking introduction to philosophical questions about narrative fiction in its many forms, from…
highbrow literature to pulp fiction to the latest shows on Netflix. Written by philosophers Samuel Lebens and Tatjana von Solodkoff, it engages with fundamental questions about fiction, such as: What is it? What does it give us? Does a story need a narrator? And why do sad stories make us cry if we know they aren’t real? The format of the book emulates a lively, verbal exchange: each chapter has only one author while the other appears spontaneously in dialogues in the text along the way, raising questions and voicing criticisms, and inviting responses from their co-author. This unique format allows readers to feel like they are a part of the conversation about the philosophical foundations of some of the fictions in their own lives. Key Features Draws on a wide range of types of narrative fiction, from Harry Potter to Breakfast of Champions to Parks and Recreation. Explores how fiction, despite its detachment from truth, is often best able to teach us important things about the world in which we live. Concludes by asking in the final chapter whether we all might be fictions. Includes bibliographies and suggested reading lists in each chapter.The Elements of Moral Philosophy
Par Stuart Rachels, James Rachels. 2012
Firmly established as the standard text for undergraduate courses in ethics, James Rachels and Stuart Rachels' The Elements of Moral…
Philosophy introduces readers to major moral concepts and theories through eloquent explanations and compelling, thought-provoking discussions.Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion: A Philosophical Appraisal
Par Kenneth Williford. 2024
David Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion is a philosophical and literary classic of the highest order. It is also an…
extremely relevant work because of its engagement with issues as alive today as in Hume’s time: the Design Argument for a deity, the Problem of Evil, the dangers of superstition and fanaticism, the psychological roots and social consequences of religion. In this outstanding and unorthodox collection, an international team of scholars engage with Hume’s classic work. The chapters include state-of-the-art contributions on the central interpretive questions posed by the Dialogues as well as major contributions relating the work to contemporary issues in Philosophy of Religion, Philosophy of Science, Moral Psychology, and Social Philosophy. Additional contributions tackle the historical and philosophical background of the Dialogues, relating it to Hume’s own systematic philosophy, to the work of other key seventeenth and eighteenth-century figures – Locke, Clarke, Bayle, Cudworth, Malebranche, Spinoza, Lord Bolingbroke, and Voltaire, among others – to early modern neo-Epicureanism in the life sciences, and, notably, to what Darwin missed by thinking too much like William Paley and not enough like Hume’s Philo. Overall, this volume provides fresh and even groundbreaking perspectives on Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. It is essential reading for students and scholars of Hume, the History of Modern Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion and the History and Philosophy of Science.Wagner, Nietzsche und die deutsche Rechte 1871–1933
Par Stefan Breuer. 2023
Dieses Buch befasst sich mit der Wirkung Richard Wagners und Friedrich Nietzsches auf die Ideologien der radikalen Rechten, die in…
der einen oder anderen Form Eingang in die Sammlungsbewegung des Nationalsozialismus gefunden haben. Es konzentriert sich also auf die Rezeption durch die intellektuelle Rechte des Kaiserreichs und der Weimarer Republik, die zur Analyse des Nationalsozialismus wie der neuen Rechten durch die Erhellung der Vorgeschichte der Ideologien beiträgt. Zwei Kapitel widmen sich dem theoretischen Werk Wagners und dem Werk Nietzsches und den Beziehungen der beiden Leitfiguren des späten 19. Jahrhunderts untereinander.Romantische Ökologien: Vielfältige Naturen um 1800 (Neue Romantikforschung #4)
Par Roland Borgards, Frederike Middelhoff, Barbara Thums. 2023
Der Band widmet sich der Frage, wie sich europäische Romantiken im Zeitraum zwischen ca. 1790 und 1850 mit ökologischen Theoremen…
und umweltbezogenen Problembereichen auseinandersetzen. Die Aufsätze dieses interdisziplinären Sammelbandes untersuchen dabei insbesondere den spezifischen Beitrag, den die Künste bei der Ausgestaltung und Formierung eines modernen ökologischen Denkens leisten, das seit Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts Gestalt annimmt, in den 1860er Jahren mit Ernst Haeckels Definition der ‚Ökologie‘ terminologisch grundiert wird und bis heute unser Verständnis von ökologischen Zusammenhängen prägt. Der Band bereichert auf diese Weise die bereits lebendige Forschungslandschaft der Environmental Humanities im Allgemeinen, des Romantic Ecocriticism im Speziellen und fragt mit Blick auf die ‚Romantischen Ökologien‘ nicht nur nach der Diversität und den konfliktreichen Bruchlinien ökologischer Denkformen um 1800, sondern auch nach dem Stellenwert, dem Eigen- und möglicherweise Mehrwert des Ästhetischen sowie, damit verknüpft, nach der Rolle des Romantischen für die Entstehung, Reflexion und Transformation eines ökologischen Denkens.Ethical Issues in Community and Patient Stakeholder–Engaged Health Research (Philosophy and Medicine #146)
Par Emily E. Anderson. 2023
This book provides in-depth analyses of a wide range of topics surrounding ethical issues in community and patient stakeholder–engaged health…
research, and highlights where consensus exists, is emerging, or remains elusive. Topics in this book cover the history of stakeholder engagement in health research; how codes of ethics and regulations have (or have not) addressed stakeholder engagement; how to promote equitable collaboration; the ethical perspectives of different stakeholders; and the unique challenges posed by stakeholder- engaged research to the protection of human research participants and the research ethics review process. The book includes discussion of unique issues that arise in stakeholder engagement relevant to different populations, settings, and research designs. This book is relevant for anyone with a role or interest in stakeholder-engaged research, including patient and community research partners; academic researchers; research ethics scholars and educators; and funders.Hegel’s World Revolutions
Par Richard Bourke. 2023
A new account of the relevance of Hegel’s ideas for today’s world, countering the postwar anti-Hegel "insurgency"G.W.F. Hegel was widely…
seen as the greatest philosopher of his age. Ever since, his work has shaped debates about issues as varied as religion, aesthetics and metaphysics. His most lasting contribution was his vision of history and politics. In Hegel’s World Revolutions, Richard Bourke returns to Hegel’s original arguments, clarifying their true import and illuminating their relevance to contemporary society. Bourke shows that central to Hegel’s thought was his anatomy of the modern world. On the one hand he claimed that modernity was a deliverance from subjection, but on the other he saw it as having unleashed the spirit of critical reflection. Bourke explores this predicament in terms of a series of world revolutions that Hegel believed had ushered in the rise of civil society and the emergence of the constitutional state.Bourke interprets Hegel’s thought, with particular reference to his philosophy of history, placing it in the context of his own time. He then recounts the reception of Hegel’s political ideas, largely over the course of the twentieth century. Countering the postwar revolt against Hegel, Bourke argues that his disparagement by major philosophers has impoverished our approach to history and politics alike. Challenging the condescension of leading thinkers—from Heidegger and Popper to Lévi-Strauss and Foucault—the book revises prevailing views of the relationship between historical ideas and present circumstances.A groundbreaking history of the ethics of war in the ancient Near EastOrigins of the Just War reveals the incredible…
richness and complexity of ethical thought about war in the three millennia preceding the Greco-Roman period, establishing the extent to which ancient just war thought prefigured much of what we now consider to be the building blocks of the Western just war tradition.In this incisive and elegantly written book, Rory Cox traces the earliest ideas concerning the complex relationship between war, ethics and justice. Excavating the ethical thought of three ancient Near Eastern cultures—Egyptian, Hittite and Israelite—he demonstrates that the history of the just war is considerably more ancient and geographically diffuse than previously assumed. Cox shows how the emergence of just war thought was grounded in a desire to rationalise, sacralise and ultimately to legitimise the violence of war. Rather than restraining or condemning warfare, the earliest ethical thought about war reflected an urge to justify state violence. Cox terms this presumption in favour of war ius pro bello—the “right for war”—characterizing it as a meeting point of both abstract and pragmatic concerns.Drawing on a diverse range of ancient sources, Origins of the Just War argues that the same imperative still underlies many of the assumptions of contemporary just war thought and highlights the risks of applying moral absolutism to the fraught ethical arena of war.Hope, Trust, and Forgiveness: Essays in Finitude
Par John T. Lysaker. 2023
A new ethics of human finitude developed through three experimental essays. As ethical beings, we strive for lives that…
are meaningful and praiseworthy. But we are finite. We do not know, so we hope. We need, so we trust. We err, so we forgive. In this book, philosopher John T. Lysaker draws our attention to the ways in which these three capacities—hope, trust, and forgiveness—contend with human limits. Each experience is vital to human flourishing, yet each also poses significant personal and institutional challenges as well as opportunities for growth. Hope, Trust, and Forgiveness explores these challenges and opportunities and proposes ways to best meet them. In so doing, Lysaker experiments with the essay as a form and advances an improvisational perfectionism to deepen and expand our ethical horizons.My Son and the Afterlife: Conversations from the Other Side
Par Elisa Medhus. 2013
Love knows no boundaries—not even death. An emotional journey through a mother&’s grief to healing and a doctor&’s skepticism to…
belief—discover the answers that changed one woman&’s life forever, and may just change yours, too.Are you not sure of what awaits you after death? Dr. Elisa Medhus wasn&’t either, having never believed in life after death. As an accomplished physician, she placed her faith in science. All of those beliefs changed after her son Erik took his own life and then reached out to her from the other side. Intimate, heartbreaking, and illuminating, this is an incredible journey from grief and skepticism to healing and belief in the afterlife. Based on Medhus&’s wildly popular blog, Channeling Erik, My Son and the Afterlife is a story that is as painful as it is uplifting—depicting a mother&’s healing journey as she discovers that Erik is still with her. Erik speaks from the other side with candor, wisdom, and depth as he describes his own experiences and provides new answers about the nature of souls, death, and the afterlife—answers that have the potential to change our lives forever. *Content warning: Please note that there is some explicit language present in this bookForeverism (Theory Redux)
Par Grafton Tanner. 2023
What do cinematic “universes,” cloud archiving, and voice cloning have in common? They’re in the business of foreverizing – the…
process of revitalizing things that have degraded, failed, or disappeared so that they can remain active in the present. To foreverize something is to reanimate it, to enclose and protect it from time and the elements, and to eradicate the feeling of nostalgia that accompanies loss. Foreverizing is a bulwark against instability, but it isn’t an infallible enterprise. That which is promised to last forever often does not, and that which is disposed of can sometimes last, disturbingly, forever. In this groundbreaking book, American philosopher Grafton Tanner develops his theory of foreverism: an anti-nostalgic discourse that promises growth without change and life without loss. Engaging with pressing issues from the ecological impact of data storage to the rise of reboot culture, Tanner tracks the implications of a society averse to nostalgia and reveals the new weapons we have for eliminating it.