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A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit…
www.luminosoa.org to learn more. Indonesia is the world's second-largest cigarette market: two out of three men smoke, and clove-laced tobacco cigarettes called kretek make up 95 percent of the market. Each year, more than 250,000 Indonesians die of tobacco-related diseases. To account for the staggering success of this lethal industry, Kretek Capitalism examines how kretek manufacturers have adopted global tobacco technologies and enlisted Indonesians to labor on their behalf in fields and factories, at retail outlets and social gatherings, and online. The book charts how Sampoerna, a Philip Morris subsidiary, uses contracts, competitions, and gender, age, and class hierarchies to extract labor from workers, influencers, artists, students, retailers, and consumers. Critically engaging nationalist claims about the commodity's cultural heritage and the jobs it supports, Marina Welker shows how global capitalism has transformed both kretek and the labor required to make and promote it.Dignity Not Debt: An Abolitionist Approach to Economic Justice
Par Chrystin Ondersma. 2024
An earth-shaking reimagining of household debt that opens up a new path to financial security for all Americans. American households…
have a debt problem. The problem is not, as often claimed, that Americans recklessly take on too much debt. The problem is that US debt policies have no basis in reality. Weaving together the histories and trends of US debt policy with her own family story, Chrystin Ondersma debunks the myths that have long governed debt policy, like the belief that debt leads to prosperity or the claim that bad debt is the result of bad choices, both of which nest in the overarching myth of a free market unhindered by government interference and accessible to all. In place of these stale narratives, Ondersma offers a compelling, flexible, and reality-based taxonomy rooted in the internationally recognized principle of human dignity. Ondersma’s new categories of debt—grounded in abolitionist principles—revolutionize how policymakers are able to think about debt, which will in turn revolutionize the American debt landscape itself.Tensions Between Capitalism and Democracy Today From the Perspective of J. S. Mill and J. A. Schumpeter
Par Gülenay Baş Dinar, Çınla Akdere. 2023
This book examines the intellectual ideas that underpin our understanding of capitalism. Framing these debates through the work on John…
Stuart Mill and Joseph Schumpeter, the development of democracy and its relationship with capitalism is explored to provide insight into the rationality of individuals and the distribution of power. By analysing the evolution of economic systems, ideas relating to democracy, capitalism, liberalism, competition, and elites are also defined.This book aims to inform current economic and political debates and to highlight new forms of democracy and capitalism. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in the political economy and the history of economic thought.The book offers explanations for the striking variation in the outcomes of European integration crises. It analyzes eight major cases…
over the entire integration process, starting from the early 1950s and lasting until very recently. All cases went beyond a single policy field or member state but affected key features, principles, and objectives of European integration. As such, they qualify as “constitutional crises”. My cases comprise the crisis of the European Defence Community (1952-54); the empty chair crisis (1965-66); the oil crisis (1973-74); the budgetary rebate crisis (1979-84); the end of the Cold War crisis (1989-92); the Constitutional Treaty crisis (2004-07); the Euro crisis (2009-12); and the migration crisis (2015-16). Taking a historical-comparative perspective, the book shows that crises have been an integral part of the European integration process since its beginning. European integration, after all, started with a major setback when member states in 1954 failedto realize plans for a European army through the European Defense Community.Legal Culture, Sociopolitical Origins and Professional Careers of Judges in Mexico
Par Azul A. Aguiar Aguilar. 2024
This book explores the careers, professional trajectories and legal cultures of judges in the federal judiciary in Mexico. So far,…
there has been limited research on internal factors contributing to the understanding of judicial power dynamics in Mexico and other Latin American countries at large; this Work fills an important gap in the literature through its empirical investigation of internal legal cultures and judicial norms, offering new data, measurement strategies,and insights into the interactions between law, politics, norms, legal culture(s), as well as judicial behavior. Utilising an original survey, the chapters analyse judicial conceptualizations of role norms, legal cultures, proclivities for judicial activism, and judicial behavior. In so doing, this book contributes to understanding of underlying key internal factors of judicial activism or restraint, in turn moving forward the debate that seeks to explain judicial behavior reliant on internal and ideational perspectives. Complementing limited but existing studies of judicial politics in Mexico through its analysis of judges beyond those that sit at the Supreme Court, this book will be of particular interest to Latin-American judicial politics scholars due to its focus on the judicial power from internal perspectives as well as sub-national judges, filling a void in the literature vis-à-vis the study of courts in Latin America. This Work was originally written in Spanish, and the translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.This text for students of politics and public policy, and for learning on the job by new policy analysts, provides…
a practical introduction grounded in the author’s experience of working in public policy. In four concise chapters, Part I steps through doing policy analysis in practice: from clear commissioning and project planning, to doing analysis through collective thinking, to telling a compelling policy story, to peer review and quality assurance. The six chapters in Part II are a resource for reflective practice, introducing theory to address questions policy analysts confront in the course of their work. What is the purpose of politics and public policy? How do I know I am making a difference? How do I tackle working with stakeholders with different, competing, or conflicting interests? How might I navigate conflicting claims relating to identity and culture? And how can I balance responsiveness to current demands with responsibility to future generations? Every chapter closes with suggestions for group exercises and questions for individual reflection.Wissenschaft, Zahlen und Politik
Par Markus J. Prutsch. 2023
Diese Studie untersucht die dynamische Beziehung zwischen Wissenschaft, Zahlen und Politik. Was können wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse realistischerweise in und für die…
Politik tun? Der Band leistet einen Beitrag zu dieser Debatte, indem er sich auf die Rolle von "Zahlen" als Mittel konzentriert, mit dem Wissen ausgedrückt wird und durch das dieses Wissen in den politischen Bereich übertragen werden kann. Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass Zahlen ständig aktiv geschaffen, übersetzt und verwendet werden und dass sie in ihren jeweiligen Kontexten interpretiert werden müssen, wird untersucht, wie Zahlen und Quantifizierungen "politisch nutzbar" gemacht werden, indem ihre Produktion, ihr Übergang in die Sphäre der Politik und ihre letztendliche Verwendung darin untersucht werden. Zu den zentralen Fragen, die behandelt werden, gehören: Auf welche Weise beeinflussen wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse die politische Entscheidungsfindung in der heutigen Welt? Wie und warum hat Quantifizierung in der demokratischen Politik eine so wichtige Rolle gespielt? Was leisten wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse und Zahlen in der Politik?Psychology of Crowds
Par Gustave Le Bon. 2009
In this clear and vivid book, Gustave Le Bon throws light on the unconscious irrational workings of group thought and…
mass emotion as he places crowd ideology in opposition to free-thinking and independent minded individuals. He also shows how the behaviour of an individual changes when she/he is part of a crowd.Le Bon was an eminent psychologist and sociologist. The ideas le Bon explores in this book are extremely relevant to today's society and were of pivotal importance in the early years of group psychology: Sigmund Freud's Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse (1921); (English translation Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego, 1922) was based on Le Bon's work. Applications include financial market behaviour and political delusions.The original of this work, La Psychologie des Foules, was first translated anonymously into English possibly by a group of French students. Sparkling Books has corrected errors and anomalies in the original translation by reference to the Alcan edition. We have shortened a few passages but maintained the original footnotes and have added some footnotes of our own. Contents>Book One - The Mind of Crowds General characteristics of crowds and the psychological law of their mental unity The sentiments and morality of crowds The ideas, reasoning power, and imagination of crowds The religious nature of crowd convictions Book Two - The Opinions and Beliefs of Crowds Indirect factors of the opinions and beliefs of crowds Direct factors of the opinions of crowds The leaders of crowds and their means of persuasion Fixed beliefs and changeable opinions of crowds Book Three - The Classification and Description of the Different Kinds of Crowds The classification of crowds Crowds committing crimes Criminal juries Electoral assembliesThe Greatest Crash: Avoiding the financial system limit
Par David Kauders. 2024
"Radical thinkers might have a point" - Financial Times The Greatest Crash argues that the financial system which evolved from…
the early Italian bankers has now reached a roadblock. The weight of debt already created prevents further economic expansion, while paying down the debt shrinks economies. To escape this trap, evolution is needed. But bureaucratic design, delegated government, and group think, all combine to prevent evolution.Understanding Brexit Options: What future for Britain?
Par David Kauders. 2016
Is the existing trade agreement good enough? Get facts, not spin! The basic trade and cooperation agreement has proved woefully…
insufficient for Britain's needs. It has reduced the supply of doctors, nurses, lorry drivers, agricultural and hospitality workers, bringing pressure and chaos to everyday life. It has hit or will damage exports and employment in fishing, food, artistic and other services and it threatens the peace in Ireland. Leaving the EU internal energy market has increased energy prices relative to the rest of Europe. Promised new trade opportunities have vanished. This book explains alternative relationships with Europe. The detrimental effect on trade in both goods and services that has been caused by leaving the single market was entirely foreseeable. As the United Kingdom's relationship with Europe changes and evolves, the book documents better options that Britain needs but are rejected by its politicians. Reviews “The need for a reasoned and sensible debate about the impact of Brexit has never been higher, with continued Government obfuscation about what Britain’s exit from the EU will entail. David Kauders’ well-researched book concisely explains the different Brexit options available and details their implications, with the case for Britain’s continued access to the single market shining through. Kauders’ work should be required reading for all those wishing to quickly grasp the consequences of Brexit” - Lord Bilimoria, Chairman, Cobra Beer Partnership and Cross Bench member of the House of LordsBlack Country to Red China: One girl's story from war-torn England to Revolutionary China
Par Esther Cheo Ying. 1980
Born in pre-Revolutionary China and brought up in the Midlands, Esther Cheo Ying returned to China in 1949 after a…
traumatic childhood, convinced that there she would find the happiness and sense of belonging she longed for. Caught up in the turmoil of civil war and sympathetic to the Communist Revolution, she joined the Red Army and then stayed on to work in the new People's Republic. But despite her determination to make a new life in China could she truly be happy in a country which encouraged constant self-criticism and viewed her as a 'false foreign devil'? Black Country to Red China is an extraordinary account of life before the Cultural Revolution, but it is also a fascinating insight into one woman's struggle to come to terms with your own identity.The Billy Boy: The Life and Death of LVF Leader Billy Wright
Par Chris Anderson. 2002
A cult figure among loyalists, despised and feared by nationalists, Billy 'King Rat' Wright is reputed to have been involved…
in a number of sectarian murders before he himself was shot dead by republican gunmen inside the MazePrison in 1997.Wright became involved with loyalist paramilitaries at the age of 16, and in the early 1990s he emerged as the UVF commander in the Mid-Ulster area. The Billy Boy documents Wright's role in the Drumcree dispute of 1995-96 and his split from the UVF, recounting how he ignored both a death threat and an order to leave Northern Ireland, only to remain in Portadown and form the Loyalist Volunteer Force. It covers Wright's trial and subsequent imprisonment for a crime it has been claimed was set up by the State; recounts the circumstances of his killing inside a top-security prison; and investigates the allegations of State collusion in Wright's death.Terrifically gripping and often disturbing, The Billy Boy is an exhaustive account of a notorious figure of the Troubles, whose life and death were surrounded by controversy and political debate.Beyond Terror: The Truth About the Real Threats to Our World
Par Chris Abbott, John Sloboda, Paul Rogers. 2007
Is international terrorism really the single greatest threat to world security?Since the 9/11 attacks, many Western governments assume terrorism to…
be the greatest threat we face. In response, their dangerous policies attempt to maintain control and keep the status quo by using overwhelming military force. This important book shows why this approach has been such a failure, and how it distracts us from other, much greater, threats of climate change, competition over resources, marginalisation of the majority of the world and global militarisation.Unless urgent, coordinated action is taken in the next 5-10 years on all these issues it will be almost imossible to avoid the earth becoming a highly unstable place by the middle years of this century. Beyond Terror offers an alternative path for politicians, journalists and concerned citizens alike.Keeping the Red Flag Flying: The Labour Party in Opposition since 1922
Par Mark Garnett, Gavin Hyman, Richard Johnson. 2024
Labour leader Harold Wilson was once asked how difficult he found being prime minister of the United Kingdom. ‘Not half…
as difficult as being Leader of the Opposition’, he replied. Sadly for the Labour Party, much of the last century has been spent in shadow government. But were these wasted years in the Party’s history? Or did they offer vital opportunities for creation and improvement? In Keeping the Red Flag Flying political historians Mark Garnett, Gavin Hyman and Richard Johnson offer the first in-depth account of Labour’s periods out of office since becoming the Official Opposition in 1922. They argue that, far from being barren periods in the Party’s history, Labour’s opposition years from MacDonald to Starmer have been undervalued and misunderstood. Across the book’s eight chapters they scrutinise Labour’s approach to reforming the party machinery, its development of policy proposals, its success in appealing to the wider electorate and its skill in opposing the government to identify the key hallmarks of successful opposition, as well as common mistakes. As the Labour Party prepares for a long-awaited return to government, this insightful book on Labour’s past has vital lessons for the Party’s future.Bertie Ahern Autobiography: The Autobiography
Par Bertie Ahern. 2009
Bertie Ahern, three times Irish Taoiseach, is often described as an enigma. The Old IRA man's son who delivered peace…
in Northern Ireland. A working class boy responsible for the Celtic Tiger. The man of faith who ushered in progressive, cosmopolitan secular Ireland. An ardent nationalist admired by European leaders. 'I know 25 per cent of Bertie Ahern', said his finance minister, Charlie McCreevy, 'and that's 24 per cent more than anyone else.'Now in this frank and revealing autobiography, Ahern gives his own account of a remarkable political life and the personal story that accompanies it. He shows the cost to his family of a life played out in the public eye and, for the first time, discloses what really happened in his final weeks in power.Here for the first time is the truth behind the man who is Bertie.Ahern has been at the cutting edge of Irish politics for over three decades. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann in the Fianna Fáil landslide victory in 1977 that saw Jack Lynch returned as Taoiseach. In 1982, Charles Haughey appointed him Government Chief Whip. In volatile political times, he strongly supported Haughey during three challenges to his leadership of Fianna Fáil.In 1987, Bertie Ahern received his first cabinet portfolio as Minister for Labour. It was a time when the Irish economy was in crisis. Ireland had a higher debt per head than Ethiopia or Sudan. Unemployment stood at 16%. Ahern negotiated Ireland's first social partnership agreement, which underpinned economic recovery and put in place the foundations for a period of sustained growth. In 1991, he was appointed Minister for Finance. International commentators first began to refer to 'Ireland's Tiger economy' in this period. When Bertie Ahern left the Department of Finance in late 1994, for the first time in almost 30 years, Ireland had a budget surplus.Bertie Ahern succeeded Albert Reynolds as leader of Fianna Fáil in November 1994. Following the General Election in 1997, he became Ireland's youngest ever Taoiseach. The Ahern Era was a time of unprecedented progress in Irish society. Over the course of his tenure in office, Ireland's economy out-performed that of every other European country. For the first time ever, the number of people in employment in the State reached 2 million.Working closely with Bill Clinton and Tony Blair, Ahern won widespread acclaim for his perseverance and skill in negotiating the Good Friday Agreement, which has provided the political framework for a lasting peace in Northern Ireland.On the international stage, he was a respected figure who enjoyed an acclaimed Presidency of the European Council in 2004. He presided over the completion of the largest ever expansion of the EU and concluded negotiations on a European constitution. He is one of only five visiting statesmen to have addressed both the United States Congress and the Houses of Parliament in Westminster.At home, Ahern enjoyed phenomenal electoral support. He was the first Taoiseach since 1944 to win three successive General Elections.Bertie Ahern resigned on 6th May, 2008. He had served for ten years, ten months and ten days as Taoiseach.Behind the Black Door
Par Sarah Brown. 2011
In this personal memoir about life at 10 Downing Street, Sarah Brown shares the secrets of living behind the most…
famous front door in the world.Sarah gave up a successful career in business to serve the country. A passionate campaigner for women and children, she mobilised over a million people through her early adoption of Twitter.If you've ever wondered what it's like to pack for a photo call with supermodels or pause a speech in front of hundreds when the autocue fails, it's all here - from what to do when the school play clashes with a visit to the White House to what it feels like to support the man you love as he takes tough decisions to stave off global financial meltdown...Intimate, reflective, surprising and funny, Behind the Black Door takes us backstage to reveal what it's like to be an ordinary woman, wife and mother in extraordinary circumstances.Before I Forget
Par Fiona Phillips. 2010
Fiona Phillips is one of our best-loved television presenters. Well-known for being warm, chatty and down to earth, she attended…
her local comprehensive in Southampton before studying English in Birmingham. For over twelve years she presented GMTV, during which time she interviewed some of the most famous and influential people on the planet, from film stars to royalty, politicians to local heroes. But in August 2008 Fiona announced that she was to quit the job she loved, revealing that her father, Phil, had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's just a year after her mother had died of the same disease and that she had decided to devote more time to him and to her family. Before I Forget is a wonderfully honest account of growing up in the 1960s and 70s within a complex family. During her childhood her father could sometimes be distant and demanding which both saddened her and drove her to succeed, her mother always the devoted wife and the steady heart of the family. When Fiona lands the job at GMTV she revels in how proud they are of her achievement. When her mother and then her father succumb to Alzheimer's we share in Fiona's sadness as she movingly describes watching them fade away, one moment interviewing George Clooney the next taking a call from Pembrokeshire Social Services to say that her mother had wandered away from her care home.Before I Forget is an extraordinary book which will resonate with Fiona's millions of fans and the millions of people who day-by-day are going through, or have gone through, the same experiences.Beauty is in the Street: Protest and Counterculture in Post-War Europe
Par Joachim C. Häberlen. 1968
'A rich and readable account of left-wing activism in the West and opposition to Soviet-style communism in the East' Katja…
Hoyer, The Spectator'A dream, perhaps, but one that still sounds worth fighting for, even beautiful' Stuart Jeffries, The Observer'An ambitious and masterly account of utopian protest in Europe ... Fast-paced, with an eye for telling detail and written with a light touch' Robert GildeaIn post-war Europe, protest was everywhere. On both sides of the Iron Curtain, from Paris to Prague, Milan to Wroclaw, ordinary people took to the streets, fighting for a better world. Their efforts came to a head most dramatically in 1968 and 1989, when mass movements swept Europe and rewrote its history.In the decades between, Joachim C. Häberlen argues, new movements emerged that transformed the nature of protesting. Activism moved beyond traditional demonstrations, from squatting to staging 'happenings' and camping out at nuclear power plants. People protested in the way they dressed, the music they listened to, the lovers they slept with, the clubs where they danced all night. New movements were born, notably anti-racism, women's liberation, gay liberation, and environmentalism. And protest turned inward, as activists experimented with new ways of living and feeling, from communes to group therapy, in their efforts to live a better life in the here and now.Some of these struggles succeeded, others failed. But successful or not, their history provides a glimpse into roads not taken, into futures that did not happen. The stories in Häberlen's book invite us to imagine different futures; to struggle, to fail, and to try again. In a time when we are told that there are no alternatives, they show us that there could be another way.Battles of Conscience: British Pacifists and the Second World War
Par Tobias Kelly. 2022
A ground-breaking new study brings us a very different picture of the Second World War, asking fundamental questions about ethical…
commitmentsAccounts of the Second World War usually involve tales of bravery in battle, or stoicism on the home front, as the British public stood together against Fascism. However, the war looks very different when seen through the eyes of the 60,000 conscientious objectors who refused to take up arms and whose stories, unlike those of the First World War, have been almost entirely forgotten.Tobias Kelly invites us to spend the war five of these individuals: Roy Ridgway, a factory clerk from Liverpool; Tom Burns, a teacher from east London; Stella St John, who trained as a vet and ended up in jail; Ronald Duncan, who set up a collective farm; and Fred Urquhart, a working-class Scottish socialist and writer. We meet many more objectors along the way -- people both determined and torn -- and travel from Finland to Syria, India to rural England, Edinburgh to Trinidad.Although conscientious objectors were often criticised and scorned, figures such as Winston Churchill and the Archbishop of Canterbury supported their right to object, at least in principle, suggesting that liberty of conscience was one of the freedoms the nation was fighting for. And their rich cultural and moral legacy -- of humanitarianism and human rights, from Amnesty International and Oxfam to the US civil rights movement -- can still be felt all around us. The personal and political struggles carefully and vividly collected in this book tell us a great deal about personal and collective freedom, conviction and faith, war and peace, and pose questions just as relevant today: Does conscience make us free? Where does it take us? And what are the costs of going there?'[An] excellent book' - DAILY TELEGRAPH'A moving tribute' - SPECTATORThe Battle for Scotland
Par Andrew Marr. 2013
'We may be about to see a new country - indeed, two new countries, - emerging on these islands. Half…
a lifetime ago, I sat down to write this book as a work of history. As it's aged, it's become current affairs.' Just twenty years ago it seemed impossible that Scotland would ever get home rule, let alone full independence. And even following a vote that did not result in Scottish independence, there are still talks of a second referendum. In The Battle for Scotland, first published in 1992, Andrew Marr provides the historical backdrop to these extraordinary events. He attempts to explain the deep sources of Scottish national feeling and the political will which brought us to this deeply uncertain time.In a substantial introduction written before 2014's referendum, Marr considers the questions every voting Scot (and every non-voting UK citizen) were asking themselves at the time.